Urea-to-Albumin Ratio and In-Hospital Mortality in Severe Pneumonia Patients
Table 1
Comparison of baseline characteristics.
Variables
Total (n = 212)
UAR ≤ 0.2555 (n = 58)
UAR > 0.2555 (n = 154)
value
Demographic data
Age (years)
73.0 (61.0, 82.8)
66.0 (53.8, 78.3)
78.5 (63.0, 84.0)
0.001
Sex (male)
150, 70.8%
34, 58.6%
116, 75.3%
0.017
HAP
34, 16.0%
8, 13.8%
26, 16.9%
0.585
Underlying diseases
Hypertension
119, 56.1%
21, 36.2%
98, 63.6%
<0.001
Diabetes mellitus
53, 25.0%
10, 17.2%
43, 27.9%
0.109
CHD
25, 11.8%
4, 6.9%
21, 13.6%
0.175
Stroke
44, 20.8%
8, 13.8%
36, 23.4%
0.125
COPD
27, 12.7%
4, 6.9%
23, 14.9%
0.118
CKD
27, 12.7%
1, 1.7%
26, 16.9%
0.003
Radiological findings
Bilateral pneumonia
175, 82.5%
50, 86.2%
125, 81.2%
0.389
Pleural effusion
66, 31.1%
16, 27.6%
50, 32.5%
0.494
Treatment
Invasive mechanical use
109, 51.4%
34, 58.6%
75, 48.7%
0.294
Vasopressor use
73, 34.4%
14, 24.1%
59, 38.3%
0.053
CRRT
73, 34.4%
7, 12.1%
66, 42.9%
<0.001
Clinical data
MAP (mmHg)
83.0 (69.5, 103.0)
85.0 (74.6, 108.5)
83.0 (66.9, 101.3)
0.153
Heart rate (rate/min)
109.9 (83.8, 136.0)
104.5 (84.4, 124.6)
111.9 (84.1, 139.7)
0.035
Respiratory rate (rate/min)
27.0 (22.0, 34.8)
25.5 (20.0, 33.3)
27.0 (22.0, 35.0)
0.161
APACHE II score
20.0 (16.0, 26.0)
16.5 (12.0, 20.0)
22.0 (17.0, 27.3)
<0.001
Laboratory results
ALT (U/L)
34.5 (21.0, 65.8)
33.0 (21.0, 51.3)
34.8 (21.0, 76.8)
0.265
AST (U/L)
44.5 (27.0, 82.0)
42.5 (24.5, 60.8)
44.5 (28.0, 97.0)
0.054
Creatinine (umol/L)
114.9 (72.8, 191.4)
65.2 (51.1, 85.6)
140.4 (98.0, 239.0)
<0.001
Urea (mmol/L)
11.8 (6.9, 19.1)
5.5 (4.2, 6.5)
15.4 (11.1, 21.6)
<0.001
Albumin (g/L)
29.0 (24.1, 33.9)
30.8 (26.5, 35.1)
28.3 (23.3, 33.3)
0.001
WBC (109/L)
11.7 (8.0, 16.0)
12.9 (9.9, 16.8)
11.2 (6.8, 15.5)
0.035
Neutrophil count (109/L)
10.0 (6.3, 13.9)
11.0 (8.4, 14.6)
9.7 (5.4, 13.8)
0.072
Lymphocyte count (109/L)
0.6 (0.3, 1.0)
0.8 (0.4, 1.3)
0.6 (0.3, 0.9)
0.006
Monocyte count (109/L)
0.5 (0.2, 0.8)
0.6 (0.3, 1.1)
0.5 (0.2,0.8)
0.008
Platelet count (109/L)
205.0 (117.3, 280.5)
234.5 (176.8, 322.0)
186.5 (98.3, 256.0)
<0.001
RBC (1012/L)
3.6 (2.6, 4.6)
4.0 (3.1, 4.9)
3.4 (2.4, 4.4)
<0.001
Hemoglobin (g/L)
102.9 (73.8, 132.0)
112.9 (89.2, 136.6)
99.1 (69.0, 129.2)
0.001
HCT (%)
31.3 (22.7, 39.9)
33.9 (26.6, 41.2)
30.3 (21.4, 39.2)
0.004
Clinical outcomes
ICU LOS (days)
12.0 (6.3, 21.0)
14.0 (9.0, 24.3)
11.0 (5.0, 19.3)
0.020
Hospital LOS (days)
21.0 (11.3, 32.0)
25.0 (15.5, 36.3)
18.0 (10.0, 32.0)
0.040
In-hospital death
101, 47.6%
16, 27.6%
85, 55,2%
<0.001
Data are mean ± standard or medians (25th–75th percentile) or number and percentage. UAR, urea-to-albumin ratio; HAP, hospital-acquired pneumonia; CHD, coronary heart disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy; MAP, mean arterial pressure; APACHE, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; WBC, white blood cell; RBC, red blood cell; HCT, hematocrit; LOS, length of stay.
