Research Article
The Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on Nosocomial Infection Rate: A Case of Iran
Table 2
The nosocomial infection rate before and during COVID-19 outbreak in critical care units and medical-surgical units.
| Time | Variable | The first four months of the new year (before COVID-19) (n = 7454) | The first four months of the new year (during COVID-19) (n = 6135) | Percentage changes | Chi-square test ( value) | N (%) | 95% confidence interval | N (%) | 95% confidence interval |
| Ventilator-associated events (VAEs) | Critical care units | 103 (13.8) | 11.2–16.3 | 81 (9.4) | 7.6–11.4 | −31.88 | 7.22 (0.007) | Medical-surgical units | 3 (0.04) | 0.0–0.1 | 2 (0.04) | 0.0–0.1 | — | 0.03 (0.86) |
| Pneumonia (PNEU) | Critical care units | 2 (0.3) | 0.0–0.7 | 0 | — | −100 | — |
| Urinary tract infection (UTI) | Critical care units | 17 (2.3) | 1.2–3.3 | 9 (1.0) | 0.5–1.7 | −56.52 | 3.72 (0.054) | Medical-surgical units | 42 (0.6) | 0.4–0.8 | 22 (0.4) | 0.3–0.6 | −33.33 | 2.44 (0.12) |
| Bloodstream infection (BSI) | Critical care units | 24 (3.2) | 1.9–4.7 | 19 (2.2) | 1.3–3.3 | −31.25 | 1.48 (0.22) | Medical-surgical units | 33 (0.5) | 0.3–0.7 | 35 (0.7) | 0.5–0.9 | 40 | 1.53 (0.22) |
| Surgical site infection (SSI) | Critical care units | 14 (1.9) | 0.9–2.9 | 7 (0.8) | 0.2–1.5 | −57.89 | 3.42 (0.06) | Medical-surgical units | 88 (1.3) | 1.0–1.6 | 50 (0.9) | 0.7–1.2 | −30.77 | 3.46 (0.06) |
| Others | Critical care units | 10 (1.3) | 0.5–2.3 | 2 (0.2) | 0.0–0.6 | −84.62 | 6.53 (0.01) | Medical-surgical units | 5 (0.1) | 0.0–0.1 | 3 (0.1) | 0.0–0.1 | - | 0.14 (0.71) |
| Total | Critical care units | 170 (22.7) | 19.6–25.8 | 118 (13.8) | 11.5–16.0 | −39.21 | 21.51 (<0.001) | Medical-surgical units | 171 (2.6) | 2.2–2.9 | 113 (2.1) | 1.8–2.5 | −19.23 | 2.35 (0.13) |
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