The Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on Nosocomial Infection Rate: A Case of Iran

Table 2

The nosocomial infection rate before and during COVID-19 outbreak in critical care units and medical-surgical units.

Time
Variable		The first four months of the new year (before COVID-19) (n = 7454)		The first four months of the new year (during COVID-19) (n = 6135)		Percentage changes	Chi-square test ( value)
		N (%)	95% confidence interval	N (%)	95% confidence interval
Ventilator-associated events (VAEs)	Critical care units	103 (13.8)	11.2–16.3	81 (9.4)	7.6–11.4	−31.88	7.22 (0.007)
	Medical-surgical units	3 (0.04)	0.0–0.1	2 (0.04)	0.0–0.1	—	0.03 (0.86)
Pneumonia (PNEU)	Critical care units	2 (0.3)	0.0–0.7	0	—	−100	—
Urinary tract infection (UTI)	Critical care units	17 (2.3)	1.2–3.3	9 (1.0)	0.5–1.7	−56.52	3.72 (0.054)
	Medical-surgical units	42 (0.6)	0.4–0.8	22 (0.4)	0.3–0.6	−33.33	2.44 (0.12)
Bloodstream infection (BSI)	Critical care units	24 (3.2)	1.9–4.7	19 (2.2)	1.3–3.3	−31.25	1.48 (0.22)
	Medical-surgical units	33 (0.5)	0.3–0.7	35 (0.7)	0.5–0.9	40	1.53 (0.22)
Surgical site infection (SSI)	Critical care units	14 (1.9)	0.9–2.9	7 (0.8)	0.2–1.5	−57.89	3.42 (0.06)
	Medical-surgical units	88 (1.3)	1.0–1.6	50 (0.9)	0.7–1.2	−30.77	3.46 (0.06)
Others	Critical care units	10 (1.3)	0.5–2.3	2 (0.2)	0.0–0.6	−84.62	6.53 (0.01)
	Medical-surgical units	5 (0.1)	0.0–0.1	3 (0.1)	0.0–0.1	-	0.14 (0.71)
Total	Critical care units	170 (22.7)	19.6–25.8	118 (13.8)	11.5–16.0	−39.21	21.51 (<0.001)
	Medical-surgical units	171 (2.6)	2.2–2.9	113 (2.1)	1.8–2.5	−19.23	2.35 (0.13)

Meningitis or abscess.