A prospective microbiological evaluation of cellulitis in 22 patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus was performed. Patients with helper lymphocyte counts of less than 200 cells/mm3 had a greater frequency of positive cultures. The most frequently isolated pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, and initial antibiotic therapy should cover these Gram-positive cocci.

Ireneo Diaz

Suresh Neelagaru

Lawrence Dall

Diagnosis of Cellulitis in Patients Infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Three cases of tungiasis acquired in the course of travel are briefly described, and the biology of the jigger flea, Tunga penetrans, is reviewed.

Eileen M Proctor

Tunga penetrans Acquired while Traveling in Africa

Objective: To assess adverse effects and immune responses with a three-dose series of Haemophilus influenzae type b meningococcal protein conjugate (PedvaxHIB or Hib.OMP) vaccine, including any immunological response alterations from concurrent administration with routine vaccines for infants.Design: Randomized, controlled trial with treatment group crossover for dose 3.Setting: Two public health units near Vancouver.Participants: One hundred and ten healthy infants eight to 14 weeks old were enrolled; 105 completed the study (95&#x25;).Interventions: All participants received two doses of diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (dpt) vaccine (at two and four months of age) and one dose of measles-mumps-rubella (mmr) vaccine at 12 months. In each instance, Hib.OMP was given either concurrently in another limb or after a delay of two weeks (after dpt) or four weeks (after mmr).Main Outcome Measures: Adverse effects, particularly fever and local erythema, were monitored by parents for 72 h after each dose of Hib.OMP vaccine. Five blood samples were taken at prescribed intervals to assess responses to each dose of Hib.OMP and to selected other vaccine antigens.Main Results: Follow-up was obtained after all 322 doses of Hib.OMP. Local adverse effects were infrequent and mild: 13&#x25; had redness, 17&#x25; tenderness. Systemic effects in those given Hib.OMP alone included fever in 8&#x25;, irritability in 29&#x25;. Anti-polyribose-ribitol phosphate (prp) responses to Hib.OMP were not impaired by coadministration with dpt or mmr vaccines, nor were tetanus or diphtheria antitoxin levels or rubella or measles response rates affected. After two doses of Hib.OMP, 92&#x25; were seropositive and 64&#x25; had greater than 1.0 &#x3bc;g/mL of anti-prp. After three doses, 100&#x25; were seropositive and 82&#x25; exceeded 1.0 &#x3bc;g/mL.Conclusion: Hib.OMP vaccine was well tolerated, immunogenic and compatible with vaccines routinely given to infants in Canada.

David W Scheifele

Gordean L Bjornson

William G Meekison

Roland Guasparini

Leslie A Mitchell

Evaluation of Haemophilus influenzae Type B Conjugate Vaccine (Meningococcal Protein Conjugate) in Canadian Infants

Objective: Information forms are commonly used to inform parents about childhood vaccination. This study assessed the knowledge of mothers about pertussis and pertussis vaccine before and after reading a form about diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (dpt) vaccine.Design: A test was administered to mothers before and after the first vaccination of their infant. By random allocation, one-half of the mothers received the form (study group) in addition to the routine counselling by a public health nurse given to the others (control group).Setting: Public health immunization clinics in suburban Vancouver, British Columbia.Subjects: One hundred and fifty-one mothers who were scheduled to bring their infant for the first dpt immunization were recruited, of whom 145 (96&#x25;) completed the study.Interventions: A test consisting of 20 true/false questions was administered by telephone two weeks before and two weeks after the first dpt vaccination. Additional data about sources of vaccine information, maternal education, number of children and maternal age were obtained.Outcome Measures: Mean scores and mean change in scores on test.Results: The mean changes in scores between tests 1 and 2 in study and control groups were +22.2&#x25; and +6.9&#x25;, respectively, on the disease-related questions (P&#x3c;0.001) and +14.6&#x25; and +10.7&#x25;, respectively, on the vaccine-related questions (P=0.16). The forms were considered to be very useful by the mothers and clearly enabled them to score higher on a test of their knowledge of pertussis and pertussis vaccine.Conclusions: Reading a dpt vaccine form enabled mothers to improve their knowledge of pertussis and pertussis vaccine.

Ronald Gold

What do Parents Learn by Reading a DPT Vaccine Information Form?

Objective: To report patient acceptability and overall therapeutic effectiveness of two different ultrasonic nebulizers, Fisoneb and Porta-sonic, for the administration of aerosol pentamidine for Pneumocysitis carinii prophylaxis in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected individuals.Design: Prospective assessment of a random subgroup of 174 individuals from an inception cohort of 1093 patients attending a central aerosol pentamidine treatment centre in Toronto, Ontario.Methods: One hundred and seventy-four patients who had been receiving aerosolized pentamidine for more than 10 weeks using Fisoneb at 60 mg every two weeks were switched to Porta-sonic. Subjective evaluation included three standard 10 cm visual analogue scales rating cough/wheeze, aftertaste and overall preference. The individuals were also asked to compare the duration of time spent on the aerosol treatments. Objective evaluation included spirometry performed immediately before and 15 mins after pentamidine administration. Prospective surveillance of the entire cohort was preformed to record and document episodes of breakthrough P carinii pneumonia.Results: Porta-sonic was the overall preferred nebulizer in 82&#x25; of patients. Less time was spent on aerosol treatment using the Porta-sonic nebulizer compared with the Fisoneb in 66&#x25; of patients. The Porta-sonic nebulizer system produced less aftertaste compared with Fisoneb. Both nebulizers produced significant but modest reduction in flow rates. During the study period there was no statistically significant difference in the rates of breakthrough P carinii pneumonia between the two groups. A total of 91 episodes occurred, at a rate of 0.5 episodes per patient-month on Porta-sonic compared with 0.7 episodes per patient-month on Fisoneb (P=0.2536).Discussion: Aerosol pentamidine remains the proven second-line prophylaxis against P carinii pneumonia in hiv/aids for those intolerant to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole. Cough, bronchospasm and poor taste are side effects that may limit patient tolerance and acceptability. The results of this study show that the Porta-sonic nebulizer system significantly reduces some of these side effects and increases patient preference.Conclusion: This study suggests that Porta-sonic, the newer nebulizer system, with more ideal in vitro characteristics may become a favoured device in clinical practice.

Andrew McIvor

Diane Flood

Leslie Lee-Pack

Anita Rachlis

Philip Berger

Charles K Chan

Kim Favell

Carmen Lewis

Margaret Moore

Mustafa Rawji

the Toronto Aerosolized Pentamidine Study (TAPS) group

A prospective Comparison of Porta-Sonic and Fisoneb Ultrasonic Nebulizers for Administering Aerosol Pentamidine

Michel Laverdi&#xe8;re

Systemic Antifungal Drugs: Are We Making Any Progress?

David Scheifele

The Changing Face of Childhood Meningitis

Lionel A Mandell

Thomas J Marrie

Michael S Niederman

Response to &#x201c;Treatment Guidelines for Nosocomial Pneumonia: Agreeing to Disagree&#x201d;

Michael Sharpe

Health Protection Net

Charles G Prober

The Use of Antibiotic Therapy as an Adjunct Treatment of Bone and Joint Infections

About this journal

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology publishes original research articles and&nbsp;review articles related to infectious diseases of bacterial, viral and parasitic origin.

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Chief Editor, Professor Tingtao Chen is currently based at Nanchang University, China. His research focuses on microbial ecology, and effects of natural microorganisms and engineered bacteria on host health.

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Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology - Table of contents 1994

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology | Hindawi

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Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology publishes original research articles and review articles related to infectious diseases of bacterial, viral and parasitic origin.

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Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology

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