Image-Guided Neutron Capture Therapy Using the Gd-DO3A-BTA Complex as a New Combinatorial Treatment Approach

Table 1

Various types of gadolinium agents for NCT.

	Form	Injection route	Injection amount (Gd)	Tumor accumulation Gd/g tumor	Highest uptake time (ICP time)	Reference
Low molecules	Gd-DTPA	i.t.	1200 µg/mouse	451 µg/g	5 min	[7]
				5.3 µg/g	24 h
	Gd-DTPA	i.v.	0.1 mmol/kg	70.39 ± 8.75 µg/g	5 min	[8]
				30.22 ± 4.91 µg/g	2 h
	Gd-BOPTA	i.v.	0.1 mmol/kg	100.33 ± 7.91 µg/g	5 min	[8]
				40.93 ± 1.83 µg/g	2 h
	Gd-DO3A-BTA	i.v.	0.1 mmol/kg	221 µg/g	6 h	[9]
Nanoparticles	Liposome	i.v.	N/D	40.277 ± 2.512 µg/g	2 h	[10]
	Liposome	i.v.	20 mg/kg	158.8 ± 115.6 µg/g	12 h	[11, 12]
	Lipid emulsions	i.p.	6 mg/hamster	107 µg/g	48 h	[13]
	Micelles	i.v.	0.02 mmol/kg	3.9% ID/g^a	10 h	[14]
	Lipid NPs	i.v.	6 mg/hamster	100.7 µg/g	12 h	[15]
	Chitosan NPs	i.t.	2.4 mg/mouse^b	1766 ± 96 µg/tumor tissue^c	8 h	[16, 17]
	Chitosan NPs	i.t.	1200 µg/mouse	897.1 µg/g	24 h	[7]

N/D: not determined; i.t.: intratumoral; i.v.: intravenous; i.p.: intraperitoneal. ^a%ID/g: percentages of the total injected dose per organ weight. ^bAdministered twice by i.t. injection 24 h and 8 h before the assay. ^cThe Gd content in melanoma tissue in mice.