Multiparametric FDG-PET/MRI of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Initial Experience

Table 2

Average parameter values (mean ± SD) and diagnostic performance of multiparametric FDG-PET/MRI parameter values for differentiation between liver parenchyma and HCC lesions.

	Parameter	Liver	HCC	FDR-adj P	AUC	Threshold	Sens (%)	Spec (%)
DCE-MRI	K^trans TM (min^−1)	1.07 ± 0.94	1.62 ± 1.27	0.285	0.61	2.33	46.7	86.7
	TM	0.46 ± 0.29	0.58 ± 0.31	0.466	0.60	0.51	60.0	73.3
	kep TM (min^−1)	2.96 ± 2.98	2.66 ± 1.89	0.924	0.51	2.05	73.3	60.0
	ART TM	0.50 ± 0.36	0.85 ± 0.19	0.032	0.78	0.60	86.7	66.7
	K^trans SSM (min^−1)	1.61 ± 0.90	1.91 ± 1.14	0.617	0.55	2.54	53.3	80.0
	SSM	0.58 ± 0.30	0.69 ± 0.29	0.448	0.59	0.91	40.0	80.0
	kep SSM (min^−1)	3.80 ± 3.16	3.10 ± 1.80	0.629	0.52	5.05	40.0	93.3
	ART SSM	0.33 ± 0.33	0.74 ± 0.29	0.006	0.81	0.53	86.7	80.0
	τi (s)	0.27 ± 0.25	0.24 ± 0.17	0.978	0.51	0.32	33.3	80.0
IVIM	D (10^−3 mm^2/s)	1.34 ± 0.62	1.10 ± 0.27	0.586	0.60	1.51	35.7	92.8
	D (10^−3 mm^2/s)	27.8 ± 23.1	33.6 ± 26.5	0.586	0.62	32.7	50.0	78.6
	PF	0.30 ± 0.16	0.31 ± 0.14	0.870	0.53	0.17	92.9	21.4
	ADC (10^−3 mm^2/s)	2.02 ± 1.49	1.59 ± 0.46	0.587	0.57	1.93	50.0	85.7
BOLD	pre-O2 (s^−1)	85.6 ± 53.4	50.8 ± 18.0	0.016	0.74	79.9	46.7	93.3
	post-O2 (s^−1)	87.8 ± 51.6	50.2 ± 20.4	0.016	0.79	46.0	93.3	66.7
	Δ (s^−1)	2.47 ± 5.98	−1.14 ± 9.07	0.420	0.58	3.70	40.0	80.0
FDG-PET	SUVmean	2.01 ± 0.34	2.88 ± 1.31	0.448	0.70	2.56	46.7	100
	SUVmax	2.40 ± 0.52	3.93 ± 2.02	0.091	0.75	3.35	53.3	100
Multiparametric	ART SSM +  post-O2	0.13 ± 0.08	0.38 ± 0.17	<0.001	0.91	0.27	73.3	100

The values originate from Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Significant values () are shown in bold. The number of lesions analyzed per method was as follows: DCE-MRI, 21 HCC lesions in 15 patients; IVIM, 18 HCC lesions in 14 patients; BOLD, 19 lesions in 15 patients. Represents the average of parameter values from multiple HCC lesions in patients with more than one lesion. ADC,  apparent diffusion coefficient; ART,  arterial fraction; AUC,  area under the curve; D,  diffusion coefficient; ,  pseudodiffusion coefficient; FDR,  false discovery rate; k_ep,  rate constant; K^trans,  transfer constant; PF, perfusion fraction; ,  transverse relaxation rate; SSM,  shutter-speed model; SUV,  standard uptake value; τ_i, mean intracellular water molecule lifetime; TM,  Tofts model and ,  extravascular extracellular volume fraction.