The Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Strain Analysis in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Table 1

Baseline clinical characteristics.

Characteristics	Control	HFpEF	value
	Demographics
Age (years)	43.62 ± 16.87	58.87 ± 11.51
Gender, n (%)			0.1835
Male	42 (60.9)	69 (71.1)
Female	27 (39.1)	28 (28.9)
Body surface area (m^2)	1.867 ± 0.1849	1.88 ± 0.1895	0.6636
BMI (kg/m^2)	23.92 ± 3.356	25.43 ± 3.381
Clinical findings
HR (beats/min)	73.53 ± 10.96	77.45 ± 14.07	0.0558
SBP (mmHg)	125.7 ± 13.18	130.6 ± 19.86	0.0763
DBP (mmHg)	77.41 ± 10.33	78.03 ± 12.23	0.7337
Smoking, n (%)	10 (14.5)	39 (40.2)
Functional status
NYHA, n (%)			NA
I/II	NA	88 (90.7)
III/IV	NA	9 (9.3)
Medical history
CHD, n (%)	8 (11.6)	74 (76.3)
MI, n (%)	1 (1.4)	65 (67.0)
Hypertension, n (%)	12 (17.4)	51 (51.5)
Cardiomyopathy, n (%)	1 (1.4)	14 (14.4)
Hyperlipidemia, n (%)	3 (4.3)	5 (5.2)	>0.9999
AF, n (%)	5 (7.2)	10 (10.3)	0.59
PAH, n (%)	1 (1.4)	3 (3.1)	0.642
T2DM, n (%)	4 (5.8)	16 (16.5)	0.0515
Medication
Aspirin, n (%)	21 (30.4)	77 (79.4)
DAPT, n (%)	4 (5.8)	65 (67.0)
Statins, n (%)	28 (40.6)	83 (85.6)
β-Blocker, n (%)	25 (36.2)	79 (81.4)
ACEI/ARB, n (%)	9 (13.0)	70 (72.2)
Diuretics, n (%)	2 (2.9)	28 (28.9)
Blood biochemistry
Hemoglobin (g/l)	139.2 ± 14.45	136.2 ± 18.31	0.2899
Hematocrit (%)	41.55 ± 3.943	40.11 ± 6.793	0.1384
CRP (mg/l)	11.03 ± 22.5	16.19 ± 27.4	0.3991
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m^2)	127.4 ± 40.46	98.8 ± 31.64
NT-proBNP (pg/ml)	65.79 ± 45.93	2420 ± 4189
Median (Q1, Q3)	58 (28.05, 100)	1279 (867.5, 2442)
Blood glucose (mmol/l)	5.732 ± 2.305	6.363 ± 2.711	0.1535
HbA1c (%)	5.852 ± 0.4995	6.742 ± 1.295
TC (mmol/l)	4.304 ± 1.306	4.523 ± 1.321	0.3363
TG (mmol/l)	1.229 ± 0.7767	1.536 ± 1.247	0.1045
HDL (mmol/l)	1.303 ± 0.4106	1.127 ± 0.3815
LDL (mmol/l)	2.633 ± 0.9108	2.721 ± 0.9103	0.5859
Na^+ (mmol/l)	142.0 ± 2.363	140.6 ± 2.825

Continuous variables were presented as mean ± SD or median (Q1, Q3). Category variables were presented as n (%). eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) = 175 × creatinine − 1.234 × age − 0.179 × 0.79 (if female); value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. . Abbreviations: HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; BMI, body mass index; HR, heart rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; NYHA, New York Heart Association; CHD, coronary heart disease; MI, myocardial infarction; AF, atrial fibrillation; PAH, pulmonary arterial hypertension; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; DAPT, dual antiplatelet therapy; ACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers; CRP, C-reactive protein; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; TC, total cholesterol; TG, total triglyceride; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.