A Computational Modeling Approach for Investigating Soft Tissue Balancing in Bicruciate Retaining Knee Arthroplasty

Table 1

Ligament bundle definition and the values assigned to their stiffness and reference strains in the computational model of the knee joint [32, 33]. (Abbreviations: ACL: anterior cruciate ligament; PCL: posterior cruciate ligament; sMCL: superior bundles of the medial collateral ligament; dMCL: deep bundles of the medial collateral ligament; LCL: lateral collateral ligament; PMC: posterior-medial capsule).

Ligament	ACL			PCL			sMCL		dMCL	LCL		PMC
bundle group	Anterior	Middle	Posterior	Anterior	Middle	Posterior	Anterior	Posterior	Anterior and posterior	Anterior	Posterior	Anterior and posterior
Number of bundles	4	3	3	3	3	3	2	2	2	2	2	2
Stiffness (N)	5000			9000			2750		1000	2000		1000
Initial strain (𝜀𝑖)	0.160	0.100	0.100	−0.068	−0.169	−0.169	0.180	0.180	0.030	0.050	0.050	0.030