Theoretical Hill-Type Muscle and Stability: Numerical Model and Application

Table 1

Muscle parameters (𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐹_max, 𝑙_CE,opt) determined in experiments (see reference) and muscle model parameters (𝑅_PDE, (1−𝜅_𝑣)𝐷_PDE), respectively, calculated (see the appendix).

Muscle	𝐴 [N]	𝐵 [m/s]	𝐹max [N]	𝑙ce,opt [m]	𝑅PDE	(1−𝜅𝑣)𝐷PDE	Reference
Piglet gastrocnemius	3.0	0.015	30.0	0.015	0.003	2200	[17]
Cat soleus	4.8	0.042	21.0	0.033	0.011	620	[18]
Cat tenuissimus	0.05	0.057	0.18	0.032	0.600	4	[19]
Rat gastrocnemius	2.68	0.042	13.4	0.013	0.167	386	[20]
Rat tibialis anterior	4.3	0.053	4.3	0.027	0.076	162	[19]
Frog sartorius	0.18	0.012	0.67	0.031	0.287	72	[19]