Gray’s Time-Varying Coefficients Model for Posttransplant Survival of Pediatric Liver Transplant Recipients with a Diagnosis of Cancer
Table 1
Characteristics of the covariates considered in the univariable models.
Characteristics
All recipients ()
Patient outcome
Alive ()
Died ()
Recipient characteristics
Demographics
Age, median, mean ± SD (years)*
2.00,
2.00,
4.00,
Gender, no. (%)
Female
121 (42.01)
98 (41.35)
23 (45.10)
Male
167 (57.99)
139 (58.65)
28 (54.90)
Race/ethnicity, no. (%)
Black
24 (8.33)
20 (8.44)
4 (7.84)
Nonblack
264 (91.67)
217 (91.55)
47 (92.16)
Medical/clinical covariates
Blood type, no. (%)
A
106 (36.81)
91 (38.40)
15 (29.41)
AB
11 (3.82)
10 (4.22)
1 (1.96)
B
38 (13.19)
32 (13.50)
6 (11.76)
O
133 (46.18)
104 (43.88)
29 (56.86)
On ventilator, no. (%)
Yes
16 (5.56)
10 (4.22)
6 (11.76)
No
271 (94.10)
226 (95.36)
45 (88.24)
Unknown
1 (0.35)
1 (0.42)
0 (0.00)
Laboratory values, median, mean ± SD
Albumin (g/dL)
3.80,
3.80,
3.60,
Bilirubin (mg/dL)
0.50,
0.40,
0.70,
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)†
0.40,
0.40,
0.55,
INR
1.10,
1.10,
1.20,
Presence of ascites, no. (%)
Yes
38 (13.19)
27 (11.39)
11 (21.57)
No
166 (57.64)
139 (58.65)
27 (52.94)
Unknown
84 (29.17)
71 (29.96)
13 (25.49)
Presence of portal vein thrombosis, no. (%)
Yes
13 (4.51)
11 (4.64)
2 (3.92)
No
265 (92.01)
217 (91.56)
48 (94.12)
Unknown
10 (3.47)
9 (3.80)
1 (1.96)
Previous abdominal surgery, no. (%)
Yes
124 (43.06)
99 (41.77)
25 (49.02)
No
145 (50.35)
123 (51.90)
22 (43.14)
Unknown
19 (6.59)
15 (6.33)
4 (7.84)
Positive cytomegalovirus (CMV) test, no. (%)
Yes
81 (28.13)
60 (25.32)
21 (41.18)
No
207 (71.88)
177 (74.68)
30 (58.82)
Other characteristics
Donor type, no. (%)
Deceased
256 (88.89)
210 (88.61)
46 (90.20)
Living
31 (10.76)
26 (10.97)
5 (9.80)
Unknown
1 (0.35)
1 (0.42)
0 (0.00)
Donor age, median, mean ± SD (years)‡
14.00,
12.00,
17.00,
Donor gender, no. (%)
Female
112 (38.89)
90 (37.97)
22 (43.14)
Male
175 (60.76)
146 (61.60)
29 (56.86)
Unknown
1 (0.35)
1 (0.42)
0 (0.00)
Donor race/ethnicity, no. (%)
White
152 (52.78)
129 (54.43)
23 (45.10)
Black
51 (17.71)
42 (17.72)
9 (17.65)
Hispanic
70 (24.31)
56 (23.63)
14 (27.47)
Asian
12 (4.17)
7 (2.95)
5 (9.80)
Other
3 (1.04)
3 (1.27)
0 (0.00)
Donor blood type, no. (%)
A
85 (29.51)
76 (32.07)
9 (17.65)
AB
2 (0.69)
0 (0.00)
2 (3.92)
B
21 (7.29)
18 (7.59)
3 (5.88)
O
179 (62.15)
142 (59.92)
37 (72.55)
Unknown
1 (0.35)
1 (0.42)
ABO compatible, no. (%)
Yes
283 (98.26)
233 (98.31)
50 (98.04)
No
4 (1.39)
3 (1.27)
1 (1.96)
Unknown
1 (0.35)
1 (0.42)
0 (0.00)
Transplantation-related characteristics
Active exception at time of transplant, no. (%)
Yes
128 (44.44)
109 (45.99)
19 (37.25)
No
160 (55.56)
128 (54.01)
32 (62.75)
Unknown
0 (0.00)
0 (0.00)
0 (0.00)
Transplant year, no. (%)
2002
16 (5.56)
10 (4.22)
6 (11.76)
2003
18 (6.25)
15 (6.33)
3 (5.88)
2004
41 (14.24)
32 (13.50)
9 (17.65)
2005
41 (14.24)
32 (13.50)
9 (17.65)
2006
35 (12.15)
27 (11.39)
8 (15.69)
2007
33 (11.46)
26 (10.97)
7 (13.73)
2008
47 (16.32)
40 (16.88)
7 (13.73)
2009
32 (11.11)
32 (13.50)
0 (0.00)
2010
24 (8.33)
22 (9.28)
2 (3.92)
Unknown
1 (0.35)
1 (0.42)
0 (0.00)
Center location (region), no. (%)
CT, ME, MA, NH, RI
12 (4.17)
10 (4.22)
2 (3.92)
DC, DE, MD, NJ, PA, WV
49 (17.01)
40 (16.88)
9 (17.65)
(3) AL, AR, FL, GA, LA, MS, PR
27 (9.38)
22 (9.28)
5 (9.80)
(4) OK, TX
20 (6.94)
15 (6.33)
5 (9.80)
(5) AZ, CA, NV, NM, UT
75 (26.04)
66 (27.85)
9 (17.65)
(6) AK, HI, ID, MT, OR, WA
8 (2.78)
6 (2.53)
2 (3.92)
(7) IL, MN, ND, SD, WI
25 (8.68)
18 (7.59)
7 (13.73)
(8) CO, IA, KS, MO, NE, WY
20 (6.94)
16 (6.75)
4 (7.842)
(9) NY, VT
14 (4.86)
12 (5.06)
2 (3.92)
(10) IN, MI, OH
27 (9.38)
23 (9.70)
4 (7.84)
(11) KY, NC, SC, TN, VA
11 (3.82)
9 (3.80)
2 (3.92)
Allocation type, no. (%)
Local
134 (46.53)
106 (44.73)
28 (54.90)
Regional
106 (36.81)
87 (36.71)
19 (37.25)
Other
47 (16.32)
43 (18.14)
4 (7.84)
Unknown
1 (0.35)
1 (0.42)
0 (0.00)
Procurement distance, median, mean ± SD (miles)
156.00,
169.00,
89.00,
Partial or split donor organ, no. (%)
Partial or split
109 (37.85)
88 (37.13)
21 (41.18)
Whole
178 (61.81)
148 (62.45)
30 (58.82)
Unknown
1 (0.35)
1 (0.42)
0 (0.00)
Waiting time, median, mean ± SD (days)
29.00,
28.00,
30.00,
SD: standard deviation.
*The age at time of transplant of one child (alive) was missing. †Serum creatinine values were missing for 18 children: 15 alive and 3 dead. ‡The age of one donor was missing. Procurement distance values were missing for one child (alive).
