Three-Dimensional Lower Extremity Joint Loading in a Carved Ski and Snowboard Turn: A Pilot Study

Table 1

Average net ankle joint forces in medial (−)/lateral (+) direction (), anterior (+)/posterior (−) direction (), and along the longitudinal axis () and standard deviations in the steering leg in skiing and snowboarding for each of the three phases.

	/ (SD)		/ (SD)		/ (SD)
	Ski	Snowboard	Ski	Snowboard	Ski	Snowboard
Phase 1	0.2 (0.3)	−0.2 (0.2)	−0.5 (0.3)	−0.1 (0.1)	1.0 (0.5)	0.4 (0.3)
Phase 2	0.0 (0.1)	−0.1 (0.2)	−0.6 (0.2)	−0.5 (0.3)	1.5 (0.6)	0.6 (0.3)
Phase 3	0.0 (0.1)	−0.4 (0.2)	−0.3 (0.3)	−0.4 (0.2)	0.6 (0.5)	0.8 (0.3)