Three-Dimensional Lower Extremity Joint Loading in a Carved Ski and Snowboard Turn: A Pilot Study

Table 4

Average net knee joint flexion (+)/extension (−) moments (), net adduction (+)/abduction (−) moments (), and net internal (+)/external (−) rotation moments () and standard deviations in the steering leg in skiing and snowboarding for each of the three phases.

	/ (SD) (Nm/kg)		/ (SD) (Nm/kg)		/ (SD) (Nm/kg)
	Ski	Snowboard	Ski	Snowboard	Ski	Snowboard
Phase 1	1.1 (2.0)	3.3 (1.4)	−1.0 (1.1)	0.6 (0.5)	0.0 (0.7)	1.0 (0.3)
Phase 2	0.8 (1.4)	2.3 (1.2)	−1.6 (1.4)	1.4 (1.0)	1.0 (1.0)	2.3 (0.9)
Phase 3	−0.4 (1.5)	3.0 (1.3)	−0.8 (0.7)	1.3 (1.0)	1.3 (0.3)	1.0 (0.7)