Resistance Training Exercise Program for Intervention to Enhance Gait Function in Elderly Chronically Ill Patients: Multivariate Multiscale Entropy for Center of Pressure Signal Analysis
Table 1
Patient characteristics and analytical results of the exercise intervention participants.
Participants: (Mean ± SD)
Total
Pretraining
Training
Posttraining
Detraining
BMI (kg/m2)
25.00 ± 2.87
25.07 ± 3.08
25.17 ± 3.16
24.93 ± 3.12
Substrate supportf (cm2)
392.00 ± 85.40
441.73 ± 87.72*
439.44 ± 84.54*
Single-leg stance with eyes open (s)
18.10 ± 22.49
33.06 ± 42.88
27.01 ± 29.00b
24.60 ± 24.38
Timed up-and-go test (s)
7.67 ± 2.12
7.91 ± 2.78
7.28 ± 2.23
CI of MSE: anterioposterior plane (AP)
13.88 ± 3.20
14.57 ± 3.52
14.89 ± 3.47
14.67 ± 3.31
CI of MSE: mediolateral plane (ML)
11.95 ± 3.38
13.62 ± 3.31
13.47 ± 3.74
12.71 ± 3.38
postural stability Gait Traditional index (TI)
The total distance (cm)
0.26 ± 0.18
0.36 ± 0.67
0.42 ± 0.79
0.26 ± 0.14
The total AP distance (cm)
0.20 ± 0.15
0.29 ± 0.52
0.33 ± 0.60
0.23 ± 0.13
The total ML distance (cm)
0.17 ± 0.13
0.21 ± 0.33
0.25 ± 0.38
0.11 ± 0.09
Average rate
13.99 ± 0.003
13.75 ± 0.011
14.01 ± 0.013
15.01 ± 0.002
Average AP rate
0.003 ± 0.002
0.005 ± 0.009
0.005 ± 0.010
0.004 ± 0.002
Average ML rate
0.003 ± 0.002
0.003 ± 0.005
0.004 ± 0.006
0.002 ± 0.002
CI of MMSE
13.87 ± 1.56
14.25 ± 1.33
Age (years old)
67.56 ± 10.70, mean ± standard deviation, range: 47–89 years
14 males, 11 females
Male: 56%, female: 44%
Paired t-test, value < 0.05. Training/posttraining/detraining versus pretraining.
Note:
value: a0.0088; b0.0651; c0.0013; d0.0094; e0.0367. Note: fSubstrate support is meaning bottom of the foot’s trapezoidal area. After the subjects natural stand, measuring foot standing of its trapezoidal area.
