An Efficient Frequency Recognition Method Based on Likelihood Ratio Test for SSVEP-Based BCI

Table 1

Recognition accuracies (%) for eleven subjects by the three methods with seven different time windows. The better results for each subject are displayed in bold at each time window.

Time	Method	Subjects											Average
		S1	S2	S3	S4	S5	S6	S7	S8	S9	S10	S11
0.5 s	LRT	57.1	69.6	37.9	71.7	83.3	90.0	54.6	37.5	65.4	48.3	82.9	63.5
	CCA	42.9	69.2	36.3	64.6	81.3	90.4	49.2	33.8	65.0	47.5	79.2	59.9
	LASSO	43.8	46.3	33.8	65.4	60.4	67.5	39.2	31.3	50.8	37.1	42.1	47.0
0.75 s	LRT	65.6	83.8	45.6	83.1	91.9	98.1	61.9	45.0	76.9	63.1	93.8	73.5
	CCA	65.0	81.9	38.1	81.9	88.8	95.6	61.9	40.0	72.5	60.6	91.9	70.7
	LASSO	57.5	61.9	41.3	80.6	82.5	80.0	46.3	30.0	60.6	46.3	53.1	58.2
1 s	LRT	71.7	90.8	50.8	88.3	95.0	98.3	74.2	51.7	85.8	72.5	96.7	79.6
	CCA	69.2	92.5	44.2	85.8	90.8	97.5	65.8	47.5	87.5	72.5	95.8	77.2
	LASSO	64.2	74.2	44.2	87.5	88.3	89.2	48.3	40.8	65.0	56.7	56.7	65.0
1.25 s	LRT	82.3	93.8	57.3	91.7	99.0	100.0	80.2	53.1	90.6	69.8	97.9	83.2
	CCA	80.2	91.7	47.9	90.6	95.8	99.0	77.1	50.0	91.7	70.8	99.0	81.3
	LASSO	75.0	82.3	43.8	90.6	93.8	91.7	56.3	38.5	75.0	60.4	53.1	69.1
1.50 s	LRT	88.8	96.3	61.3	93.8	100.0	100.0	82.5	58.8	95.0	76.3	98.8	86.5
	CCA	85.0	96.3	53.8	92.5	97.5	100.0	77.5	55.0	93.8	75.0	98.8	84.1
	LASSO	71.3	81.3	56.3	95.0	96.3	95.0	56.3	45.0	75.0	65.0	58.8	72.3
1.75 s	LRT	88.2	98.5	60.3	97.1	98.5	100.0	85.3	57.4	97.1	89.7	100.0	88.4
	CCA	88.2	98.5	54.4	95.6	97.1	100.0	88.2	61.8	95.6	88.2	100.0	88.0
	LASSO	75.0	86.8	57.4	100.0	98.5	97.1	57.4	51.5	79.4	72.1	55.9	75.5
2 s	LRT	90.0	100.0	65.0	93.3	98.3	100.0	85.0	61.7	98.3	85.0	100.0	88.8
	CCA	88.3	98.3	60.0	93.3	98.3	100.0	86.7	65.0	98.3	86.7	100.0	88.6
	LASSO	83.3	88.3	65.0	98.3	98.3	98.3	70.0	51.7	81.7	76.7	73.3	80.5