Automatic Detection of Optic Disc in Retinal Image by Using Keypoint Detection, Texture Analysis, and Visual Dictionary Techniques

Figure 4

The steps of the optic disc detection.

(a) Retinal fundus image

(b) Image obtained with bright region extraction algorithm

(c) Image obtained with Otsu method

(d) Obtained regions

(e) Labeled regions

(f) The detection of the optic disc