Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

Research Article

Cobb Angle Measurement of Spine from X-Ray Images Using Convolutional Neural Network

Table 4

Results of spine curvature with Cobb method and manual method.
ImageObserver 1 (expert)Observer 2 (novice)Cobb method (MBR)
Upper vertebraeLower vertebraeCobb angleUpper vertebraeLower vertebraeCobb angleUpper vertebraeLower vertebraeCobb angle
t = 1t = 2t = 1t = 2t = 1t = 2t = 1t = 2t = 1t = 2t = 1t = 2
1T8T8L2L2−16.8−16.9T8T8L1L1−15.0−15.2T8L5−20.1
2T6T9L1L16.46.1T10T10L1L113.713.7T6T127.8
3T2T10L1L29.96.2T4T4L2L211.611.6T3L210.1
4T9T10L4L411.916.9T9T9L4L413.913.9T11L415.9
5T11T10L4L415.914.5T11T11L4L411.611.6T12L49.1
6T11T9L4L4−19.2−16.8T10T10L4L4−15.1−15.1T11L3−15.1
7T12T11L4L4−8.1−12.3T9T9L4L4−12.0−12.0T6L2−5.2
8T12T11L4L4−9.1−8.2T9T9L4L4−13.5−13.5T12L2−11.0
9T10T10L4L4−19.8−15.6T11T11L4L4−20.6−20.6T9L3−14.8
10T11T12L4L410.211.0T12T12L4L410.910.9T12L310.8
11T5−L1−−8.40T7T7L2L2−4.2−4.2T1T12−7.2
12T5T5L2L113.58.7T4T4L3L39.39.3T1L211.1
13T10T10L4L415.114.0T10T10L4L414.414.4T9L513.5
14T9T9L4L4−15.4−12.1T10T10L4L4−13.8−13.8T2L5−14.2
15No scoliosisT4T4T12T12−7.4−7.4T4T10−7.7
16T9T11L4L4−14.2−15.0T7T7L4L4−20.2−20.2T7L4−18.9
17T1T4T7T125.98.4T2T2T12T1213.413.6T2T1211.3
18T7T6L1L314.78.3T6T6L4L47.07.1T9L17.6
19T11T9L5L5−6.9−9.6T4T4L5L5−11.5−11.7T2L5−12.4
20T3T2T8T117.18.5T4T4T6T68.88.5T3T69.8
21T12T10L5L411.19.9C3C3L2L215.316.2T3L313.8
22T7T7L4L412.913.0T2T2L4L416.816.9T3L318.1
23T8T8L3L411.313.8T11T11L5L515.515.6T11L39.4
24T7T9L4L4−14.1−14.0T5T5L5L5−21.8−22.1T2L3−13.5
25T9T8L3L3−16.2−14.5T6T6L3L3−10.3−9.9T11L2−10.7
26T8T8L3L3−8.2−8.0T7T7L2L2−6.4−6.3T2L2−5.6
27T5T5L3L4−17.3−17.3T5T5L3L3−15.8−15.0T1L3−15.2
28T11T11L4L318.415.7T12T12L4L422.423.1T12L416.6
29No scoliosisT3T3T10T10−5.2−5.1T2L4−6.6
30T9T9L4L4−11.7−9.9T5T5L4L4−14.2−14.1T6L4−8.7
31T11T12L4L4−6.9−7.7T3T3L1L110.010.1L1L4−7.4
32T11T10L4L4−5.9−6.0T5T5L5L5−6.2−7.1T1L3−9.1
33T9T9L4L4−16.7−16.0T8T8L4L4−14.0−13.3T11L4−12.5
34T12T12L4L410.312.1T12T12L4L410.09.7T1L39.9
35T5T7L1L215.716.4T5T5L1L117.017.9T5L113.8
Note. The “no scoliosis” or empty data indicate that the result of manually measurement is no scoliosis. Their Cobb angle is assigned to be 0 in statistical analysis. Each orthopedist measures the same X-ray spinal images twice in different times (t = 1 or t = 2).