Existence and Globally Asymptotic Stability of Equilibrium Solution for Fractional-Order Hybrid BAM Neural Networks with Distributed Delays and Impulses

Zhang, Hai; Ye, Renyu; Cao, Jinde; Alsaedi, Ahmed

doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/6875874

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Hyperchaotic Fractional-Order Systems and Their Applications

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Volume 2017 | Article ID 6875874 | https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/6875874

Existence and Globally Asymptotic Stability of Equilibrium Solution for Fractional-Order Hybrid BAM Neural Networks with Distributed Delays and Impulses

Hai Zhang,¹Renyu Ye,^1,2Jinde Cao ,^3,4and Ahmed Alsaedi⁵

Academic Editor: Amr Elsonbaty

Received07 May 2017

Revised10 Jul 2017

Accepted20 Jul 2017

Published13 Sept 2017

Abstract

This paper investigates the existence and globally asymptotic stability of equilibrium solution for Riemann-Liouville fractional-order hybrid BAM neural networks with distributed delays and impulses. The factors of such network systems including the distributed delays, impulsive effects, and two different fractional-order derivatives between the -layer and -layer are taken into account synchronously. Based on the contraction mapping principle, the sufficient conditions are derived to ensure the existence and uniqueness of the equilibrium solution for such network systems. By constructing a novel Lyapunov functional composed of fractional integral and definite integral terms, the globally asymptotic stability criteria of the equilibrium solution are obtained, which are dependent on the order of fractional derivative and network parameters. The advantage of our constructed method is that one may directly calculate integer-order derivative of the Lyapunov functional. A numerical example is also presented to show the validity and feasibility of the theoretical results.

1. Introduction

Since fractional derivatives are nonlocal and have weakly singular kernels, the subject of fractional calculus has been attracting attention and interest in various fields of diffusion [1], physics [2], market dynamics [3], engineering [4], control system [5], biological system [6], financial system [7], epidemic model [8], and so on. At the same time, fractional-order differential equations have been proved to be an excellent tool in the modelling of many phenomena [9–11]. Recently, some important advances on dynamical behaviors such as chaos phenomena, Hopf bifurcation, synchronization control, and stabilization problems for fractional-order systems or fractional-order practical models have been reported in [12–16]. These proposed results show the superiority and importance of fractional calculus and effectively motivate the development of new applied fields.

Note that various classes of neural networks such as Hopfield neural networks [17, 18], recurrent neural networks [19, 20], cellular neural networks [21], Cohen-Grossberg neural networks [22], and bidirectional associative memory (BAM) neural networks [23–25] have been widely used in solving some signal processing, optimization, and image processing problems. In the last few years, some researchers have introduced fractional operators to neural networks to form fractional-order neural models [26–30], which could better describe the dynamical behaviors of the neurons. As an important dynamic behavior, stability is one of the most concerned problems for any dynamic system. For example, Song and Cao [26] have established some sufficient conditions to ensure the existence and uniqueness of the nontrivial solution by using the contraction mapping principle, Krasnoselskii fixed point theorem, and the inequality technique, in which uniform stability conditions of fractional-order neural networks are also derived in fixed time-intervals. Note that time-delay (see [23–25, 31–37]) is a common phenomenon and is inevitable in practice, which often exists in almost every neural network and has an important effect on the stability and performance of system.

There are also several recent results discussing the topics including stability analysis for fractional-order dynamical systems in [38, 39]. For instance, the stability problems of main concern for control theory in finite-dimensional linear fractional-order systems have been considered [38], in which both internal and external stabilities for fractional-order differential systems in state-space form have been studied. For fractional-order differential systems in polynomial representation, the external stability has been thoroughly discussed. In [39], Matouk has investigated the stability conditions of a class of fractional-order hyperchaotic systems; then the stability conditions have been applied to a novel fractional-order hyperchaotic system. Based on the Routh-Hurwitz theorem, the conditions for controlling hyperchaos via feedback control approach have also been derived. At the same time, the various kinds of stability of delayed fractional-order neural networks have been extensively investigated. For example, Mittag-Leffler stability of fractional-order delayed neural networks has been investigated by applying fractional Lyapunov direct method [28, 30, 32]. The finite-time stability of Caputo fractional-order delayed neural networks has been studied by applying Gronwall’s inequality approach and inequality scaling techniques [33, 34]. The delay-independent stability criteria of Riemann-Liouville fractional-order neutral-type delayed neural networks have been proposed based on classical Lyapunov functional method [35]. The uniform stability and global stability of fractional neural networks with delay are considered based on the fractional calculus theory and analytical techniques [36]. Global stability and global asymptotical periodicity for a class of fractional-order complex-valued neural networks with time-varying delays are discussed by using the fractional Lyapunov method and a Leibniz rule for fractional differentiation [37].

Although most dynamical systems are analyzed in either the continuous-time or discrete-time domain, many real systems in physics, engineering, chemistry, biology, and information science may experience abrupt changes as certain instants during the continuous dynamical processes. This kind of impulsive behaviors can be modelled by impulsive systems [23, 25, 29, 32, 40–42]. On the other hand, bidirectional associative memory (BAM) neural networks attract many studies due to its extensive applications in many fields [22–25, 43–46]. In [43], Kosko first introduced hybrid BAM neural network models. The remarkable feature of the proposed BAM neural networks lies in the close relation of the neurons between the -layer and -layer. That is, the neurons in one layer are fully interconnected to the one in the other layer, but there are not any interconnections among neurons in the same layer. It is worth mentioning that many contributions have been made concerning the dynamics of fractional-order BAM delayed neural networks (see [44–46]) including finite-time stability [44] and Mittag-Leffler synchronization [45]. In [46], globally asymptotic stability problem of impulsive fractional-order neural networks with discrete delays has been studied, yet the existence of the equilibrium solution for fractional-order BAM neural networks has not been taken into account. On the other hand, it should be pointed out that the finite-time stability and asymptotic stability in the sense of Lyapunov are different concepts, because finite-time stability does not contain Lyapunov asymptotic stability and vice versa [34, 47]. Although the signal transmission is sometimes instantaneous modelling with discrete delays, it may be sometimes a distribution propagation delay over a period of time so that distributed delays (see [20, 23, 25]) should not be ignored in the model. Compared to the advances of integer-order neural networks with or without time delays, the research on the stability of fractional-order BAM delayed neural networks is still at the stage of exploiting and developing [44–46]. To the best of our knowledge, there are few papers on investigating the global stability of the fractional-order hybrid BAM neural networks with both impulse and distributed delay in the current literature.

Motivated by the above discussions, this paper investigates the existence and globally asymptotic stability of equilibrium solution for impulsive Riemann-Liouville fractional-order hybrid BAM neural networks with distributed delays. The factors of such network systems including the distributed delays, impulses, and two different fractional-order derivatives between the -layer and - layer are taken into account synchronously. Based on the contraction mapping principle, the sufficient conditions are presented for the existence and uniqueness of the equilibrium solution for such network systems. By constructing a suitable Lyapunov functional associated with fractional integral terms, the globally asymptotic stability criteria of the equilibrium point are derived. The advantage of constructing the Lyapunov functional is that one can directly calculate its first-order derivative to check global stability. A numerical example is also given to show the validity and feasibility of the theoretical results.

This paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, we recall some definitions concerning fractional calculus and describe impulsive Riemann-Liouville fractional-order BAM neural networks with distributed delays. In Section 3, the existence and uniqueness of the equilibrium solution for such network systems are discussed based on the contraction mapping principle. In Section 4, the globally asymptotic stability criteria of the equilibrium solution are derived. An illustrative example is given to show the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed results in Section 5. Finally, some concluding remarks are drawn in Section 6.

2. Preliminaries and Model Description

In this section, we recall the definitions of fractional calculus and several basic lemmas. Moreover, we describe a class of impulsive fractional-order hybrid BAM neural network models with distributed delays.

Definition 1 (see [10]). The Riemann-Liouville fractional integral of order for a function is defined as where . The Gamma function is defined by the integral

Currently, there exist several definitions about the fractional derivative of order including Grnwald-Letnikov (GL) definition, Riemann-Liouville (RL) definition, and Caputo definition [9–11]. In this paper, our consideration is the fractional-order neural networks with Riemann-Liouville derivative, whose definition and properties are given below.

Definition 2 (see [10]). The Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative of order for a function is defined as where .

In particular, for case, the Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative of order for a constant is

Lemma 3 (see [10]). If , and , then(1);(2);(3);(4).

The following lemmas will be used in the proof of our main results.

Lemma 4 (contraction mapping principle [48]). Suppose that is a complete metric space, , and there is some real number such that then there is a unique point such that .

Lemma 5 (fractional Barbalat lemma [42]). If has a finite limit as , and is bounded, then as , where

In this paper, we consider the Riemann-Liouville fractional-order hybrid BAM neural network models with distributed delay and impulsive effects described by the following states equations:where and are two layers in the BAM model (6); and are state variables of th neuron in the -layer and th neuron in the -layer, respectively; and denote an and a order Riemann-Liouville fractional-order derivative of and , respectively; the constants and satisfy . and denote decay coefficients of signals from neurons to , respectively; and are the neuron activation functions; and represent the weight coefficients of the neurons; and denote the external inputs of -layer and -layer, respectively; denotes the maximum possible transmission delay from neuron to another. Moreover, impulsive moments satisfy as , and where and represent the right and left limits of at , respectively; and imply that and are both left continuous at . The initial conditions associated with Riemann-Liouville fractional-order network system (6) can be expressed as (see [9–11])

Throughout this paper, we assume that the neuron activation functions and impulsive operators , satisfy the following conditions:

(H1) For ; , the functions and are continuous on . Thus, there exist positive constants such that

(H2) The neuron activation functions are Lipschitz continuous. That is, there exist positive constants such that

(H3) The impulsive operators and satisfywhere , and .

Remark 6. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the existence and globally asymptotic stability conditions of the equilibrium solution for fractional-order BAM network model (6). In discussing the stability of neural networks, the neuron activation functions are usually assumed to be bounded, monotonic [23], and differential [36, 37]. In system (6), the neuron activation functions are not necessarily bounded, monotonic, and differential. Therefore, the globally asymptotic stability criteria are more general and less conservative in this paper.

3. Existence of Equilibrium Solution

In this section, the sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of the equilibrium solution of system (6) are derived based on the contraction mapping principle [48].

Similar to integer-order differential systems, we first define the equilibrium solution of fractional-order network systems. It should be pointed out that Riemann-Liouville fractional-order derivative of a nonzero constant is not equal to zero, which leads to the remarkable difference of the equilibrium solution between integer-order systems and Riemann-Liouville fractional-order systems.

Definition 7. A constant vector is an equilibrium solution of system (6) if and only if and satisfy the following equations:and the impulsive jumps and are assumed to satisfy

In what follows, we use the following vector norm of :

Theorem 8. Suppose that conditions (H1)–(H3) hold; then there exists a unique equilibrium solution for system (6), if the following inequalities simultaneously hold for a small enough constant

Proof. According to Definition 2, for , the Riemann-Liouville fractional-order derivatives of the constants and can be written as the following forms: Define a mapping , where andConsider ; then it follows from (14) thatAccording to (H1)-(H2), one has For , we have , . Therefore, there exists a small enough constant such that . Thus, it follows from (19) that Let , where and are defined in (15). Hence, we have Thus, it follows from (15) that , which implies that is a contraction mapping. Therefore, from Lemma 4, there exists a unique fixed point of the map , such that . Thus, from (17), we get Let , ; then it follows from (22) that that is According to (H3), we know that Thus, it follows from Definition 7 that is a unique equilibrium solution for system (6). The proof is complete.

The following corollary is the direct result of Theorem 8.

Corollary 9. Suppose that conditions (H1)–(H3) hold; then there exists a unique equilibrium solution for system (6), if the following inequalities simultaneously hold for a small enough constant

Remark 10. Theorem 8 and Corollary 9 reveal that the conditions of existence and uniqueness of the equilibrium solution for system (6) are based on the contraction mapping principle, which can be expressed in terms of the algebraic inequalities. The conditions of existence and uniqueness of the equilibrium point for system (6) reflect the close relation between the coefficients, neuron activation functions, and time-delay of network parameters, which are also dependent on the orders and of Riemann-Liouville derivatives. On the other hand, if we only assume that (H1)–(H3) hold, then there exists at least an equilibrium solution for system (6) by applying Schauder fixed point theorem, whose proof is omitted here.

4. Globally Asymptotic Stability Criteria

In this section, by constructing a novel Lyapunov functional, we obtain the sufficient conditions to ensure the globally asymptotic stability of the equilibrium solution for system (6) based on fractional Barbalat theorem and classical Lyapunov stability theory.

Theorem 11. Suppose that conditions (H1)–(H3) hold; then a unique equilibrium solution for system (6) is globally asymptotically stable, if the following inequalities simultaneously hold for a small enough constant

Proof. From Corollary 9, there exists a unique equilibrium solution for system (6). By using the variable transformation method, we can shift the equilibrium point to the origin. Let ; then system (6) is transformed into Construct a novel Lyapunov functional composed of fractional-order integral and definite integral terms: The time derivative of along the trajectories of system (6) can be calculated, which are carried out for the following cases.
Case 1. For , from Lemma 3, we obtain An application of Definition 2 yields where denotes the standard signum function. Thus, (30) can be rewritten as Combining (28) and (32) yields By computations, we have which implies that as . Hence, for any , we get Case 2. For , from (29), one has From (H3), we get Note that the inequalities and hold; then Let , for any ; then we have the following estimations: Thus, we can get the following inequality: which implies that is bounded. From (28), and are also bounded. From Lemma 5, we have and . Therefore, according to Lyapunov stability theory, a unique equilibrium solution for system (6) is globally asymptotically stable. This completes the proof.

The following corollary is the direct result of Theorem 11.

Corollary 12. Suppose that (H1)–(H3) hold; then a unique equilibrium solution for system (6) is globally asymptotically stable, if the following inequalities simultaneously hold for a small enough constant

Remark 13. Different from fractional Lyapunov functional method in [30, 32, 37], an appropriate Lyapunov functional composed of fractional integral and definite integral terms in the proof of Theorem 11 is presented, and we only need to calculate its first-order derivative to derive stability conditions. As discussed in [35], in general speaking, it is very difficult to calculate the fractional-order derivatives of a Lyapunov functional. The main advantage of our constructed method is that we can avoid computing the fractional-order derivatives of the Lyapunov functional.

Remark 14. The globally asymptotic stability criteria of a unique equilibrium solution for system (6) are described by the algebraic inequalities, which are dependent on the orders and of fractional derivatives and reflect the close relation between the coefficients, neuron activation functions, and time-delay of network parameters. Moreover, the globally asymptotic stability criteria are more easily checked and contribute to reducing the computational burden.

Remark 15. When , system (6) is reduced to integer-order BAM neural networks with distributed delays and impulses [23]. Note that the Riemann-Liouville derivative is a continuous operator of the order (see [9–11]); then we can obtain globally asymptotic stability criteria for impulsive integer-order hybrid BAM neural networks from the proof of Theorem 11.

Remark 16. In [33, 34, 44], the authors have focused on studying the finite-time stability of fractional-order delayed neural networks. However, it should be pointed out that the finite-time stability and asymptotic stability in the sense of Lyapunov are different concepts, because finite-time stability does not contain Lyapunov asymptotic stability and vice versa [34, 47]. This is also the motivation of this paper.

5. An Illustrative Example

In this section, an example for impulsive fractional-order hybrid BAM neural networks with distributed delays is given to illustrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the theoretical results.

Example 17. Consider the four-state Riemann-Liouville fractional-order hybrid BAM neural network model with distributed delays and impulsive effects described by where , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and

From (43), we know that . Since , , then is an equilibrium solution for system (42). Next, we apply Theorem 11 or Corollary 12 to check the uniqueness and global asymptotic stability of the equilibrium point for system (42).

In fact, by computations, one can get that , , , , and . Choosing a positive constant , then we can obtain Thus, the conditions of Theorem 11 or Corollary 12 are satisfied. For numerical simulations, Figure 1 depicts the state trajectories of system (42) under different initial conditions with , . It can be directly observed that the unique equilibrium solution for system (42) is globally asymptotically stable with , . Therefore, the numerical simulations further confirm the theoretical results of this paper.

6. Conclusions

In this paper, the sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of the equilibrium solution are presented based on the contraction mapping principle. By constructing a suitable Lyapunov functional composed of fractional integral and definite integral terms, we calculate its first-order derivative to derive global asymptotic stability of the equilibrium point. The constructed method avoids calculating the fractional-order derivative of the Lyapunov functional. Furthermore, the presented results are described as the algebraic inequalities, which are convenient and feasible to verify the existence and asymptotic stability of the equilibrium solution. For further research, it is interesting and challenging to discuss the chaos phenomena, Hopf bifurcation, and synchronization control problem for fractional-order memristor-based hybrid BAM neural networks with leakage, time-varying, and distributed delays.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest with regard to the publication of this paper.

Acknowledgments

This work is jointly supported by the National Natural Science Fund of China (11301308, 61573096, and 61272530), the 333 Engineering Fund of Jiangsu Province of China (BRA2015286), the Natural Science Fund of Anhui Province of China (1608085MA14), the Key Project of Natural Science Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutions of China (gxyqZD2016205 and KJ2015A152), and the Natural Science Youth Fund of Jiangsu Province of China (BK20160660).

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Copyright © 2017 Hai Zhang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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