Review Article

Complex Brain Network Analysis and Its Applications to Brain Disorders: A Survey

Table 9

Overview of functional brain network studies in MS.

StudyModality SubjectsNode definition Edge definition Network type Main findings

Gamboa et al., 2014 [134]fMRI16 MS
20 HC
116 regions in AAL atlasPearson correlationBinary(1) Increased modularity in MS.

Rocca et al., 2016 [135]fMRI246 MS
55 HC
116 regions in AAL atlasPearson correlationBinary(1) Lost hubs in superior frontal gyrus, precuneus, and anterior cingulum in the left hemisphere in MS.
(2) New hubs in the left temporal pole and cerebellum in MS.
(3) Different hemisphere for basal ganglia hubs in MS.
(4) Decreased nodal degree in the bilateral caudate nucleus and right cerebellum in MS.

Shu et al., 2016 [132]fMRI41 CIS
32 MS
35 HC
90 regions in AAL atlasPearson correlationWeighted(1) Decreased local efficiency and clustering coefficient in MS compared with HC.
(2) No significant differences with the other two groups in any global metrics in the CIS group.

Liu et al., 2017 [136]fMRI35 CIS
37 MS
36 HC
90 regions in AAL atlasPearson correlationWeighted(1) CIS showed intermediate global efficiency between MS and HC.
(2) Lower global efficiency and local efficiency in MS compared with HC.

Schoonheim et al., 2013 [137]MEG34 MS
28 HC
137 channelsSynchronization likelihoodWeighted(1) Increased connectivity strength in theta, lower alpha, and beta bands in MS.
(2) Decreased connectivity strength in the upper alpha band in MS.
(3) Increased path length and clustering coefficient in the lower alpha band in MS.

Tewarie et al., 2014 [129]MEG102 MS
42 HC
78 regions in AAL atlasPhase lag indexWeighted(1) Higher normalized path length in the theta band in MS.
(2) Lower normalized clustering coefficient in the alpha2 band in MS.