Analysis of Constraint-Handling in Metaheuristic Approaches for the Generation and Transmission Expansion Planning Problem with Renewable Energy

Table 14

Power flow after line outage using distribution factors [75].

Lines	Base case [MW]	Power flow outage [MW]						[MW]
		(1-2)	(1–3)	(2–4)	(3-4)	(2-3)	(1-2)
(1-2)	40.00	—	−30.47	58.17	33.51	56.88	65.00	40.00
(1–3)	−19.07	−4.07	—	−55.56	−6.09	−52.82	−4.07	100.00
(2–3)	−91.52	−96.52	−97.88	—	−123.96	−116.84	−96.52	140.00
(3-4)	−32.44	−27.44	−26.08	−123.96	—	−7.12	−27.44	105.00
(2-3)	−59.07	−69.07	−71.78	−113.98	−39.61	—	−69.07	200.00
(1-2)	40.00	65.00	30.47	58.17	33.51	56.88	—	−40.00