Integrating “Hard” and “Soft” Infrastructural Resilience Assessment for Water Distribution Systems

Table 1

Performance criteria according to the TOSE approach (adapted from [19]).

	Performance criteria
	Robustness	Redundancy	Resourcefulness	Rapidity
TEC	Damage avoidance and continued water supply provision	Backup or duplicate water supply systems	Diagnostic and damage detection technologies and methodologies	Minimize time to return to preevent infrastructural functional levels
ORG	Continued ability to carry out designated function (i.e., water supply in emergency)	Backup resources to sustain operation (i.e., alternative sites and water supplies)	Plans and resources to cope with damage and disruption	Minimize time needed to restore services and perform key response tasks
SOC	Avoidance of casualties and disruption in the community due to the interruption of water supply	Alternative means of providing water for community needs	Plans and resources to meet community needs	Minimize time to return to preevent functional levels
ECO	Avoidance of direct and indirect economic losses	Untapped or excess economic capacity to provide water in case of loss of functionality	Stabilizing measures (e.g., capacity enhancement and demand modification, external assistance, and optimizing recovery strategies)	Minimize time to return to preevent functional levels