Review Article

Resilience of Complex Systems: State of the Art and Directions for Future Research

Table 2

Papers considered in the analysis.

TitleReferenceSource titlePublication yearTotal citationsAverage citations per yearEnvironmental science and ecologyEngineeringOperation research and managementComputer scienceBusiness and economicsPsychology

“Predictive resilience analysis of complex systems using dynamic Bayesian networks”[35]IEEE Transactions on Reliability201700

“Challenges to multiteam system leadership: an analysis of leadership during the management of railway disruptions”[36]Cognition Technology & Work201700

“Did we learn about risk control since Seveso? Yes, we surely did, but is it enough? An historical brief and problem analysis”[37]Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries201711

“Defining the functional resonance analysis space: combining abstraction hierarchy and FRAM”[38]Reliability Engineering & System Safety201700

“Team resilience as a second-order emergent state: a theoretical model and research directions”[39]Frontiers in Psychology201700

“Disaster resilience as a complex problem: why linearity is not applicable for long-term recovery”[40]Technological Forecasting and Social Change201700

“Multi-level port resilience planning in the UK: how can information sharing be made easier?”[41]Technological Forecasting and Social Change201700

“Introducing flexibility to complex, resilient socio-ecological systems: a comparative analysis of economics, flexible manufacturing systems, evolutionary biology, and supply chain management”[42]Sustainability201700

“A consensus-based AHP for improved assessment of resilience engineering in maintenance organizations”[43]Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries201700

“AC power flow importance measures considering multi-element failures”[44]Reliability Engineering & System Safety201700

“Temperate rocky subtidal reef community reveals human impacts across the entire food web”[45]Marine Ecology Progress Series201711

“Resilience in complex systems: an agent-based approach”[46]Systems Engineering201700

“Analyzing network topological characteristics of eco-industrial parks from the perspective of resilience: a case study”[47]Ecological indicators201711

“Transitivity demolition and the fall of social networks”[48]IEEE Access201700

“From math to metaphors and back again social-ecological resilience from a multi-agent-environment perspective”[49]GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society201711

“Improving participatory resilience assessment by cross-fertilizing the resilience alliance and transition movement approaches”[50]Ecology and Society201700

“Hazard tolerance of spatially distributed complex networks”[51]Reliability Engineering & System Safety201700

“A Monte Carlo evolution of the Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) to assess performance variability in complex systems”[52]Safety Science201733

“Socio-ecological adaptation of agricultural heritage systems in modern China: three cases in Qingtian County, Zhejiang Province”[53]Sustainability201600

“Developing an integrated framework to assess agri-food systems and its application in the Ecuadorian Andes”[54]Regional Environmental Change201610.5

“Adaptive management for ecosystem services”[55]Journal of Environmental Management201621

“Comparison of static and dynamic resilience for a multipurpose reservoir operation”[56]Water Resources Research201610.5

“Remotely sensed resilience of tropical forests”[57]Nature Climate Change201673.5

“Evolutionary resilience and complex lagoon systems”[58]Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management201610.5

“Resilience allocation for early stage design of complex engineered systems”[59]Journal of Mechanical Design201600

“Breaking resilient patterns of inequality in Santiago de Chile: challenges to navigate towards a more sustainable city”[60]Sustainability201621

“A maintenance-focused approach to complex system design”[61]AI EDAM-Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design Analysis and Manufacturing201600

“Challenges in the vulnerability and risk analysis of critical infrastructures”[62]Reliability Engineering & System Safety2016168

“Computational analysis and visualization of global supply network risks”[63]IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics201600

“Designing an emergency continuity plan for a megacity government: a conceptual framework for coping with natural catastrophes”[64]International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection201600

“A framework for the future of urban underground engineering”[65]Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology201600

“Multidimensional approach to complex system resilience analysis”[66]Reliability Engineering & System Safety201663

“Engineered resilience for complex systems as a predictor for cost overruns”[67]Systems Engineering201610.5

“A graph-theoretic framework for assessing the resilience of sectorised water distribution networks”[68]Water Resources Management201642

“People-technology-ecosystem integration: a framework to ensure regional interoperability for safety, sustainability, and resilience of interdependent energy, water, and seafood sources in the (Persian) gulf”[69]Human factors201621

“SIBBORK: a new spatially-explicit gap model for boreal forest”[70]Ecological modelling201642

“Policy support for rural economic development based on Holling’s ecological concept of panarchy”[71]International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology201621

“The power problematic: exploring the uncertain terrains of political ecology and the resilience framework”[72]Ecology and Society201663

“Community currency (CCs) in Spain: an empirical study of their social effects”[73]Ecological Economics201600

“A risk assessment approach to improve the resilience of a seaport system using Bayesian networks”[74]Ocean Engineering201610.5

“Quantifying the relationship of resilience and eco-efficiency in complex adaptive energy systems“[75]Ecological Economics201510.33

“Urban vulnerability and resilience in post-communist Romania (comparative case studies of iasi and Bacau cities and metropolitan areas)”[76]Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences201551.67

“Resilience projects as experiments: implementing climate change resilience in Asian cities”[77]Climate and Development201531

“A unique algorithm for the assessment and improvement of job satisfaction by resilience engineering: hazardous labs”[78]International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics201520.67

“Resilience and precarious success[79]Reliability Engineering & System Safety201551.67

Safety culture and subcontractor network governance in a complex safety critical project”[80]Reliability Engineering & System Safety201531

“Hydrocomplexity: addressing water security and emergent environmental risks”[81]Water Resources Research2015103.33

“Assessing temporal scales and patterns in time series: comparing methods based on redundancy analysis”[82]Ecological Complexity201510.33

“Resilience and tipping points of an exploited fish population over six decades”[83]Global Change Biology201541.33

“Network structure, complexity, and adaptation in water resource systems”[84]Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems201520.67

“The resilience of interdependent industrial symbiosis networks a case of Yixing economic and technological development zone”[85]Journal of Industrial Ecology201551.67

“Life cycle assessment and the resilience of product systems”[86]Journal of Industrial Ecology201562

“Understanding protected area resilience: a multi-scale, social-ecological approach”[87]Ecological Applications2015227.33

“Resiliency analysis for complex engineered system design”[88]AI EDAM-Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design Analysis and Manufacturing201551.67

“Managing hunting under uncertainty: from one-off ecological indicators to resilience approaches in assessing the sustainability of bushmeat hunting”[89]Ecology and Society201510.33

“Using fuzzy cognitive mapping as a participatory approach to analyze change, preferred states, and perceived resilience of social-ecological systems”[90]Ecology and Society2015165.33

“Communication and sustainability science teams as complex systems”[91]Ecology and Society201551.67

“Regime shifts under forcing of non-stationary attractors: conceptual model and case studies in hydrologic systems”[92]Journal of Contaminant Hydrology201420.5

“Modeling and optimizing efficiency gap between managers and operators in integrated resilient systems: the case of a petrochemical plant”[93]Process Safety and Environmental Protection2014102.5

“Physical infrastructure interdependency and regional resilience index after the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake in Japan”[94]Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics2014174.25

“Panarchy: theory and application”[95]Ecosystems20144511.25

“Managing incidents in a complex system: a railway case study”[96]Cognition Technology & Work201441

“Sustainability science: accounting for nonlinear dynamics in policy and social-ecological systems”[97]Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy201471.75

“Managing for resilience: early detection of regime shifts in complex systems”[98]Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy2014123

“Applying resilience thinking to natural resource management through a planning-by-doing framework”[99]Society & Natural Resources2014112.75

“Linking complexity and sustainability theories: implications for modeling sustainability transitions”[100]Sustainability201441

“Comparison of ilities for protection against uncertainty in system design”[101]Journal of Engineering Design201381.6

“Consensus recovery from intentional attacks in directed nonlinear multi-agent systems”[102]International Journal of Nonlinear Sciences and Numerical Simulation201371.4

“Early warning signals: the charted and uncharted territories”[103]Theoretical Ecology2013408

“Understanding resilient urban futures: a systemic modelling approach”[104]Sustainability201361.2

“Highlighting order and disorder in social-ecological landscapes to foster adaptive capacity and sustainability”[105]Landscape Ecology2013183.6

“Measuring the relative resilience of subarctic lakes to global change: redundancies of functions within and across temporal scales”[106]Journal of Applied Ecology2013193.8

“Towards affordably adaptable and effective systems”[107]Systems Engineering2013112.2

“Transition landscapes and social networks: examining on-ground community resilience and its implications for policy settings in multiscalar systems”[108]Ecology and Society2013214.2

“Temporal scales and patterns of invertebrate biodiversity dynamics in boreal lakes recovering from acidification”[109]Ecological Applications2012254.17

“Microclimate and vegetation function as indicators of forest thermodynamic efficiency”[110]Journal of Applied Ecology2012213.5

“A framework for identifying and analyzing sources of resilience and brittleness: a case study of two air taxi carriers”[111]International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics2012101.67

“Species, functional groups, and thresholds in ecological resilience”[112]Conservation Biology2012203.33

“Understanding ecohydrological connectivity in savannas: a system dynamics modelling approach”[113]Ecohydrology2012152.5

“Resilience engineering of industrial processes: principles and contributing factors”[14]Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries2012457.5

“Assessing resilience engineering based on safety culture and managerial factors”[114]Process Safety Progress201271.17

“Agents, individuals, and networks: modeling methods to inform natural resource management in regional landscapes”[115]Ecology and Society2012142.33

“Insight on invasions and resilience derived from spatiotemporal discontinuities of biomass at local and regional scales”[116]Ecology and Society2012152.5

“Managing rangeland as a complex system: how government interventions decouple social systems from ecological systems”[117]Ecology and Society2012152.5

“Managing for resilience”[118]Wildlife Biology2011355

“Towards adaptive integrated water resources management in southern Africa: the role of self-organisation and multi-scale feedbacks for learning and responsiveness in the Letaba and Crocodile catchments”[119]Water Resources Management2011263.71

“Assessing the use of functional diversity as a measure of ecological resilience in arid rangelands”[120]Ecosystems2011233.29

“The use of Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) in a mid-air collision to understand some characteristics of the air traffic management system resilience”[121]Reliability Engineering & System Safety2011213

“Disequilibrium, development and resilience through adult life”[122]Systems Research and Behavioral Science201110.14

“Improving resilience of critical human systems in CBRN emergencies: challenges for first responders”[123]Systems Research and Behavioral Science201130.43

“Can we manage for resilience? The integration of resilience thinking into natural resource management in the United States”[124]Environmental Management2011284

“Reindeer management during the colonization of Sami lands: a long-term perspective of vulnerability and adaptation strategies”[125]Global Environmental Change-Human and Policy Dimensions2011142

“Transition principles: experiences from the Victorian State of the Environment reporting process and relevance to sustainability in complex systems”[126]Australasian Journal of Environmental Management201130.43

“Distributed redundancy and robustness in complex systems”[127]Journal of Computer And System Sciences2011182.57

“Exploiting trust-based social networks for distributed protection of sensitive data”[128]IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics And Security201150.71

“Promoting health and well-being by managing for social-ecological resilience: the potential of integrating ecohealth and water resources management approaches”[129]Ecology and Society2011294.14

“The resilience of big river basins”[130]Water International201130.43

“Modelling the complex dynamics of vegetation, livestock and rainfall in asemiarid rangeland in South Africa”[131]African Journal of Range & Forage Science201030.38

“Design of highly synchronizable and robust networks”[132]Automatica201040.5

“Nonlinear dynamics in biopsychosocial resilience”Nonlinear Dynamics Psychology and Life Sciences2010313.88

“Dynamic properties of complex adaptive ecosystems: implications for the sustainability of service provision”[133]Biodiversity and Conservation2010324

“Identifying resilience mechanisms to recurrent ecosystem perturbations”[134]Oecologia2010212.62

“Interacting regime shifts in ecosystems: implication for early warnings”[135]Ecological monographs2010516.38

“Challenges of operation research practice in agricultural value chains”[136]Journal of the Operational Research Society2010253.12

“Resilience and regions: building understanding of the metaphor”[137]Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and Society201010813.5

“Development of the multiregional inoperability input-output model (MRIIM) for spatial explicitness in preparedness of interdependent regions”[138]Systems Engineering2010283.5

“Organizational attributes of highly reliable complex systems”[139]Quality and Reliability Engineering International201030.38

“Novelty, adaptive capacity, and resilience”[140]Ecology and Society2010263.25

“Complex land systems: the need for long time perspectives to assess their future”[141]Ecology and Society2010658.12

“Ecological and human community resilience in response to natural disasters”[142]Ecology and Society2010506.25

“The politics of social-ecological resilience and sustainable socio-technical transitions”[143]Ecology and Society201012215.25

“A framework for investigation into extended enterprise resilience”[144]Enterprise Information Systems2010344.25

“Thresholds and multiple community states in marine fouling communities: integrating natural history with management strategies”[145]Marine Ecology Progress Series2010131.62

“Resilience and thresholds in savannas: nitrogen and fire as drivers and responders of vegetation transition”[146]Ecosystems2009222.44

“Integrated policies for environmental resilience and sustainability”[147]Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Engineering Sustainability200920.22

“Collective work and resilience of complex systems”[148]Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries2009212.33

“Panarchy: discontinuities reveal similarities in the dynamic system structure of ecological and social systems”[149]Ecology and Society2009303.33

“Towards a conceptual framework for resilience engineering”[5]IEEE Systems Journal2009677.44

“The structure, function, and evolution of a regional industrial ecosystem”[150]Journal of Industrial Ecology2009576.33

“Managing crisis response communication in construction projects - from a complexity perspective”[151]Disaster Prevention and Management200970.78

“Understanding safety and production risks in rail engineering planning and protection”[152]Ergonomics2009323.56

“Alternative stable states in Australia’s wet tropics: a theoretical framework for the field data and a field-case for the theory”[153]Landscape Ecology2009697.67

“Essential ecological insights for marine ecosystem-based management and marine spatial planning”[154]Marine Policy200820020

“A test of the cross-scale resilience model: functional richness in Mediterranean-climate ecosystems”[155]Ecological Complexity2008171.7

“Fostering resilience to extreme events within infrastructure systems: characterizing decision contexts for mitigation and adaptation”[156]Global Environmental Change-Human and Policy Dimensions200810510.5

“Articulating the differences between safety and resilience: the decision-making process of professional sea-fishing skippers”[157]Human Factors2008282.8

“Adaptive harvesting in a multiple-species coral-reef food web”[158]Ecology and Society200860.6

“Not all roads lead to resilience: a complex systems approach to the comparative analysis of tortoises in arid ecosystems”[159]Ecology and Society200860.6

“Governing fisheries as complex adaptive systems”[160]Marine Policy2008848.4

“Marine protected areas: a governance system analysis”[161]Human Ecology2007766.91

“Creating a transparent, distributed, and resilient computing environment: the OpenRTE project”[162]Journal of Supercomputing200710.09

“Vulnerability analysis in environmental management: widening and deepening its approach”[163]Environmental Conservation200760.55

“Cross-scale interactions and changing pattern-process relationships: consequences for system dynamics”[164]Ecosystems2007888

“Focusing the meaning(s) of resilience: resilience as a descriptive concept and a boundary object”[165]Ecology and Society200723521.36

“Resilience, panarchy, and world-systems analysis”[166]Ecology and Society2007312.82

“Evaluating discontinuities in complex systems: toward quantitative measures of resilience”[167]Ecology and Society2007201.82

“Understanding and managing complexity risk”[168]MIT Sloan Management Review2007161.45

“Understanding and managing the complexity of urban systems under climate change”[169]Climate Policy2007312.82

“Australian pastoralists in time and space: the evolution of a complex adaptive system”[170]Ecology and Society2006231.92

“Biodiversity and land use change on the Causse Mejan, France”[171]Biodiversity and Conservation200680.67

“Collapse and reorganization in social-ecological systems: questions, some ideas, and policy implications”[172]Ecology and Society2006867.17

“A handful of heuristics and some propositions for understanding resilience in social-ecological systems”[173]Ecology and Society200635229.33

“Theoretical steps towards modelling resilience in complex systems”[174]Computational Science and Its Applications - ICCSA 2006, PT 1200660.5

“Indicating retrospective resilience of multi-scale patterns of real habitats in a landscape”[175]Ecological Indicators2006201.67

“Stable periodic orbits associated with bursting oscillations in population dynamics”[176]Positive Systems, Proceedings200680.67

“A systems model approach to determining resilience surrogates for case studies”[177]Ecosystems2005725.54

“The use of discontinuities and functional groups to assess relative resilience in complex systems”[178]Ecosystems2005765.85

“Change and identity in complex systems”[179]Ecology and Society2005584.46

“Sustainability indicators as a communicative tool: building bridges in Pennsylvania”[180]Environmental Monitoring and Assessment2004130.93

“Landscape change in the southern Piedmont: challenges, solutions, and uncertainty across scales”[181]Conservation Ecology2003171.13

“Grazing management, resilience, and the dynamics of a fire-driven rangeland system”[182]Ecosystems20021469.12

“First-order reliability method for estimating reliability, vulnerability, and resilience”[183]Water Resources Research2001422.47

“Prediction in complex communities: analysis of empirically derived Markov models”[184]Ecology2001593.47

“A fuzzy logic model to predict coral reef development under nutrient and sediment stress”[185]Conservation Biology1998361.8