Automatic Detection of Concrete Spalling Using Piecewise Linear Stochastic Gradient Descent Logistic Regression and Image Texture Analysis

Table 1

Prediction Results Comparison.

Phase	Metrics	SGD-LR		LM-ANN		PL-SGDLR
		Mean	Std.	Mean	Std.	Mean	Std.
Training	CAR (%)	86.42	0.40	90.68	1.46	91.07	0.72
	PPV	0.86	0.02	0.90	0.02	0.90	0.02
	Recall	0.87	0.02	0.91	0.01	0.93	0.02
	NPV	0.87	0.01	0.91	0.01	0.93	0.02
	F1 Score	0.86	0.00	0.91	0.01	0.91	0.01
Testing	CAR (%)	84.40	3.56	88.83	3.71	90.24	2.48
	PPV	0.84	0.05	0.88	0.04	0.90	0.04
	Recall	0.85	0.05	0.90	0.05	0.91	0.02
	NPV	0.85	0.04	0.90	0.04	0.91	0.02
	F1 Score	0.84	0.04	0.89	0.04	0.90	0.02