Research Article
An Improved Squirrel Search Algorithm for Optimization
Table 7
Statistical results obtained by ISSA, SSA, PSO, CMFOA, IFFO, and FOA through 10 independent runs on multimodal benchmark functions with n = 30.
| Fun | | ISSA | SSA | PSO | CMFOA | IFFO | FOA |
| F12 | Mean | 5.1692E-14 | 2.1708E-07 | 1.6343E+01 | 4.2641E-12 | 4.3970E-07 | 7.0983E+00 | | Std | 9.4813E-15 | 1.1785E-07 | 4.5830E-01 | 5.1275E-13 | 5.3024E-08 | 4.5755E+00 | F13 | Mean | 1.9651E-15 | 1.7670E-07 | 3.0865E+01 | 3.8781E-12 | 1.2507E-06 | 2.9660E+01 | | Std | 1.7016E-15 | 1.0899E-07 | 2.8749E+00 | 2.0014E-12 | 1.9125E-06 | 5.7790E+00 | F14 | Mean | 2.8586E-11 | 4.7414E-02 | 2.1576E+02 | 3.5954E-05 | 1.7290E-02 | 1.8705E+02 | | Std | 1.7874E-11 | 1.8105E-02 | 5.0836E+00 | 1.9343E-06 | 1.0857E-03 | 5.0868E+01 | F15 | Mean | 9.9552E-01 | 4.6150E-01 | 1.2596E+01 | 9.4983E-01 | 1.0032E+00 | 1.2147E+01 | | Std | 3.8926E-01 | 3.3522E-01 | 2.1495E-01 | 4.2966E-01 | 3.5690E-01 | 1.7388E-01 | F16 | Mean | 1.5705E-32 | 1.3069E-15 | 5.6725E+06 | 5.0290E-25 | 9.9726E-15 | 3.1482E+00 | | Std | 2.8850E-48 | 5.7169E-16 | 1.7168E+06 | 4.7027E-25 | 8.5374E-15 | 5.8054E-01 | F17 | Mean | 1.3781E-02 | 1.0332E-02 | 4.3352E+00 | 4.4332E-03 | 1.2793E-02 | 1.0971E+00 | | Std | 1.4865E-02 | 1.2632E-02 | 4.2518E-01 | 7.9408E-03 | 1.0155E-02 | 1.0766E-02 | F18 | Mean | 5.0849E+00 | 3.8253E+00 | 2.0946E+01 | 4.9225E+00 | 4.9048E+00 | 2.1497E+01 | | Std | 1.6014E+00 | 1.4627E+00 | 7.6856E-01 | 2.1737E+00 | 2.0411E+00 | 1.3669E+00 | F19 | Mean | 2.6841E-07 | 1.9292E+02 | 4.9808E+05 | 1.9677E+02 | 2.4098E+02 | 3.0226E+04 | | Std | 3.2619E-08 | 1.5971E+02 | 1.4706E+05 | 1.6572E+02 | 2.3149E+02 | 6.0289E+03 | F20 | Mean | 2.5989E-07 | 4.7006E-06 | 3.3592E-02 | 4.4469E-08 | 1.8865E-07 | 1.5406E-01 | | Std | 5.9383E-07 | 7.3387E-06 | 2.2456E-02 | 1.0350E-07 | 3.1612E-07 | 5.6719E-02 | F21 | Mean | 0.0000E+00 | 7.0841E-13 | 2.5769E+02 | 0.0000E+00 | 4.5409E-11 | 3.0881E+02 | | Std | 0.0000E+00 | 4.5361E-13 | 9.0973E+00 | 0.0000E+00 | 1.9882E-11 | 2.7305E+01 | F22 | Mean | 0.0000E+00 | 7.7467E-13 | 2.3335E+02 | 0.0000E+00 | 6.4403E-11 | 2.5509E+02 | | Std | 0.0000E+00 | 3.6979E-13 | 1.5942E+01 | 0.0000E+00 | 3.3820E-11 | 2.6992E+01 | F23 | Mean | 9.3987E-01 | 5.2987E-01 | 1.2199E+01 | 1.3599E+00 | 1.4399E+00 | 2.1878E+00 | | Std | 2.1705E-01 | 1.2517E-01 | 4.9304E-01 | 3.6576E-01 | 2.1705E-01 | 6.2731E-02 | F24 | Mean | 1.4921E-14 | 3.7233E-04 | 3.2412E+01 | 4.7458E-09 | 4.2553E-03 | 2.6924E+01 | | Std | 1.7226E-14 | 9.8846E-05 | 1.1649E+00 | 2.8242E-09 | 4.2975E-04 | 3.5559E+00 | F25 | Mean | 2.9494E+01 | 1.0724E+02 | 1.1372E+07 | 4.0462E+01 | 9.3530E+00 | 9.2421E+03 | | Std | 2.9743E+01 | 5.1800E+01 | 3.1606E+06 | 3.9685E+01 | 9.0392E+00 | 1.8838E+03 |
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