A Differential Evolution-Oriented Pruning Neural Network Model for Bankruptcy Prediction

<table class="fixed-width table-group" id="tab14"><tr><td><table class="table"><colgroup><col style="width:4.69em"/><col style="width:8.25em"/></colgroup><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left" rowspan="2">Method </td><td class="align_center">Average accuracy</td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_center">MEAN<svg height="7.35473pt" id="M252" style="vertical-align:-0.3499303pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -7.0048 7.75925 7.35473" width="7.75925pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M535 290V340H323V533H265V340H52V290H265V84H323V290H535ZM535 -22V28H52V-22H535Z"></path></g></svg>STD</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">KNN</td><td class="align_center">76.35<svg height="7.35473pt" id="M253" style="vertical-align:-0.3499303pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -7.0048 7.75925 7.35473" width="7.75925pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M535 290V340H323V533H265V340H52V290H265V84H323V290H535ZM535 -22V28H52V-22H535Z"></path></g></svg>3.1065</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">RBF</td><td class="align_center">49.15<svg height="7.35473pt" id="M254" style="vertical-align:-0.3499303pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -7.0048 7.75925 7.35473" width="7.75925pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M535 290V340H323V533H265V340H52V290H265V84H323V290H535ZM535 -22V28H52V-22H535Z"></path></g></svg>14.4445</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">RF</td><td class="align_center"><span width=""><b>81.25</b><svg height="7.38081pt" id="M255" style="vertical-align:-0.4412599pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -6.93955 8.13767 7.38081" width="8.13767pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M554 278V346H348V528H271V346H63V278H271V83H348V278H554ZM554 -28V37H63V-28H554Z"></path></g></svg><b>2.2907</b></span></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">DT</td><td class="align_center">76.11<svg height="7.35473pt" id="M256" style="vertical-align:-0.3499303pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -7.0048 7.75925 7.35473" width="7.75925pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M535 290V340H323V533H265V340H52V290H265V84H323V290H535ZM535 -22V28H52V-22H535Z"></path></g></svg>2.8599</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">SVM</td><td class="align_center">62.42<svg height="7.35473pt" id="M257" style="vertical-align:-0.3499303pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -7.0048 7.75925 7.35473" width="7.75925pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M535 290V340H323V533H265V340H52V290H265V84H323V290H535ZM535 -22V28H52V-22H535Z"></path></g></svg>2.5047</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">DA</td><td class="align_center">74.74<svg height="7.35473pt" id="M258" style="vertical-align:-0.3499303pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -7.0048 7.75925 7.35473" width="7.75925pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M535 290V340H323V533H265V340H52V290H265V84H323V290H535ZM535 -22V28H52V-22H535Z"></path></g></svg>3.4414</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">EPNN</td><td class="align_center">76.41<svg height="7.35473pt" id="M259" style="vertical-align:-0.3499303pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -7.0048 7.75925 7.35473" width="7.75925pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M535 290V340H323V533H265V340H52V290H265V84H323V290H535ZM535 -22V28H52V-22H535Z"></path></g></svg>3.2320</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="2"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>Classification performance of EPNN in comparison with other classification methods on Distress dataset.</div>

Complexity

tab14

Table 14

Table 14: A Differential Evolution-Oriented Pruning Neural Network Model for Bankruptcy Prediction 