A Review of Membrane Computing Models for Complex Ecosystems and a Case Study on a Complex Giant Panda System

Figure 4

Population size of endangered giant pandas published in the last 13 years, where all the used data are shown through three histograms. (a) Ecological data: the total number of real giant pandas in each year. (b) Female data: the number of female individuals in a selected year. (c) Male data: the number of male individuals in a selected year. (That is, ; presents the number of giant pandas.). Such datasets are called statistical datasets which are generally used as the input for prediction.

(a)

(b)

(c)