Study on Evolution and Interaction of Service Industry Agglomeration and Efficiency of Hebei Province China

Table 5

Granger causality test results between variables.

Variable	Null hypothesis	Lag order	chi^2		Conclusion
lnlq⟶lntec	lnlq is not Granger cause of lntec	1	8.576	0.003	Reject the null hypothesis
lntec⟶lnlq	lntec is not Granger cause of lnlq	1	0.396	0.529	Accept the null hypothesis
lnlq⟶lnpec	lnlq is not Granger cause of lnpec	1	6.940	0.008	Reject the null hypothesis
lnpec⟶lnlq	lnpec is not Granger cause of lnlq	1	0.550	0.458	Accept the null hypothesis
lnlq⟶lntch	lnlq is not Granger cause of lntch	1	19.245	0.000	Reject the null hypothesis
lntch⟶lnlq	lntch is not Granger cause of lnlq	1	1.026	0.311	Accept the null hypothesis

Note: , , and represent significant levels of 10%, 5%, and 1%, respectively.