Sudden Transition from Equilibrium to Hybrid Chaos and Periodic Oscillations of the State-Dependent Round-Trip Delayed Nonsmooth Compound TCP with GRED Congestion Control System via HB-AFT

Figure 4

The phase portraits are displayed in (a) where solid blue lines are numerical results, results of the HB-AFT method, and . correspond to , respectively. The comparisons of amplitudes of in the numerical simulations and the first-order harmonic amplitudes of by HB-AFT are presented in (b) where the solid blue line is the amplitude of numerical simulations and red are the first-order harmonic amplitudes.

(a)

(b)