Intelligent Buses in a Loop Service: Emergence of No-Boarding and Holding Strategies

Table 1

Qualitative performance of the no-boarding and holding strategies, respectively, in various setups of buses serving bus stops in a loop.

Strategy	No-boarding	Holding
Identical frequency	Positive	Positive
Frequency detuning, busy	Positive	Negative, Q-tables unable to completely train
Frequency detuning, lull	Negative	Improves waiting time, but adds time spent on bus