Research Article
A General Model of Population Dynamics Accounting for Multiple Kinds of Interaction
Figure 8
Obligate-obligate mutualism with cooperation in two populations: (a) we have the case where , which means that intraspecific cooperation is lower than mutualism; (b) we have , which means that both intraspecific cooperation and mutualism weight the same. Here, .
(a) |
(b) |