A Noise-Immune Boosting Framework for Short-Term Traffic Flow Forecasting

Table 2

Comparison with the conventional models.

		A1	A2	A4	A8
Historical average	MAPE	7.13	5.97	7.13	7.49
	RMSE	182.31	116.48	137.75	103.45
Kalman filter	MAPE	165.17	189.80	145.95	137.80
	RMSE	1267.49	1291.23	1100.64	702.49
XGBoost	MAPE	5.64	4.85	6.87	6.70
	RMSE	157.11	111.01	132.30	100.38