Industry 4.0-Driven Development of Optimization Algorithms: A Systematic Overview

Table 1

Optimization issues in Industry 4.0 systems.

Objectives	Restrictions	Manufacturing operations
Determine the size of a job (batch, run)	● Inventory	● Highly complex
Assign it to a production line	● Availability of resources (labor, machines)	● Rely on manual scheduling/use complex spreadsheets
Sequence jobs on each line	● Changeovers/cleanings/planned maintenance	● Need to improve on-time delivery
✓Maximize throughput/quantity produced	● Unplanned downtime	● Experience inefficient changeovers/setups
✓Minimize operating cost/changeovers	● Operator availability	● Have multiple products sharing common resources (labor, infrastructure)
✓Maximize on-time delivery	● Emergency/expedited customer orders	● Production costs are a large proportion of the cost of goods sold
✓Minimize total time to complete production	● Maintenance requirements	● Want to increase production without additional capex
	● Delivery promises	● Need to reduce operating costs, product losses/waste