An Improved Framework for Content- and Link-Based Web-Spam Detection: A Combined Approach

Table 1

Percentage of different spam signals.

Spam signals	Spam vs. nonspam ratio (odds ratio)	Percentage of sites with spam signals and marked as spam (%)	Percentage of sites with spam signals and marked as nonspam (%)
Single page website	5.2	18.87	5.39
Thin content	4.08	26.67	5.09
No contact information	6.78	19.28	2.07
Presence of spammy keywords	11.32	23.59	2.32
No SSL certificates	13.01	27.30	3.83
No links to social media accounts	9.43	36.18	10.98
External outgoing links	4.60	21.47	6.75
Content to links ratio	3.78	36.48	5.89
The ratio of incoming links	9.17	20.06	1.96
External links in navigation	12.52	16.08	5.89
A few internal links	3.06	32.76	6.60
URL length	6.90	21.69	3.63
Numerals in domain name	7.36	35.44	4.69
Top-level domains	11.17	21.29	11.18
Huge proportion of anchor text	2.15	26.78	7.66
Site markup proportion	4.41	10.36	8.87
Broken links	1.19	17.50	7.96
Favicon	2.45	11.37	5.09
Page not found 404 error	2.39	15.27	9.47
Meta description length	1.72	13.78	5.59
Length of the title	2.70	10.70	3.88