Spatial Pattern and Evolution of Global Innovation Network from 2000 to 2019: Global Patent Dataset Perspective

Table 1

Complexity statistics of global intellectual property network from 2000 to 2019.

Statistical characterstics	Index	2000–2004	2005–2009	2010–2014	2015–2019
Network scale	Number of nodes	185	175	173	172
	Number of edges	1772	1791	2650	3070
	Density	0.0521	0.0588	0.0891	0.1044
	Diameter	4	3	3	4
Small-word property	Average clustering coefficient	0.76	0.785	0.752	0.757
	Average path length	1.918	1.828	1.823	1.804
	Power law fitting of degree centrality
Scale-free property	R2	0.7984	0.7871	0.7405	0.7262
	Exponential fitting of degree centrality
	R2	0.9895	0.9847	0.983	0.9807
Degree centrality	Average degree centrality	8.143	9.051	13.503	15.028
	Graph degree centrality	0.539	0.577	0.61	0.641
	Coefficient of variation	1.487	1.443	1.19	1.135
	Gini coefficient	0.961	0.96	0.955	0.954
Betweenness centrality	Average betweenness centrality	0.369	0.379	0.473	0.458
	Graph betweenness centrality	0.143	0.144	0.138	0.157
	Coefficient of variation	4.615	4.403	3.677	3.852
	Gini coefficient	0.887	0.941	0.916	0.91
Closeness centrality	Average closeness centrality	2.872	2.049	7.213	7.23
	Coefficient of variation	0.0063	0.0066	0.0177	0.0177
	Gini coefficient	0.003	0.004	0.01	0.01