Validation of the Turkish Version of the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale

Table 2

1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-factor solution after exploratory factor analysis of the 20 PAID items.

		Factor solution
Shortened item content	1F	2F		3F			4F
		F1	F2	F1	F2	F3	F1	F2	F3	F4
Feeling overwhelmed by your diabetes?	.87	.82		.73			.73
Feeling discouraged with treatment plan?	.72	.56		.50			.34			.56
Feeling scared?	.82	.85		.74			.68
Uncomfortable social situations?	.68	.86		.92			.89
Feelings of deprivation regarding food?	.73	.89		.77			.82
Feeling depressed?	.82	.88		.78			.75
Feeling angry?	.85	.81		.74			.73
Concerned about food and eating?	.81	.76		.70			.71
Not “accepting” your diabetes?	.66	.50		.59			.44			.45
Mood related to your diabetes?	.80	.71		.41		.42	.40		.38
Not having clear and concrete goals?	.5	.54				.67			.61	.51
Worrying about low blood sugar reactions?	.68	.60				.62			.59
Coping with complications?	.70	.50				.51			.48
Worrying about complications?	.70	.67				.85			.80
Feelings of guilt or anxiety?	.68	.54				.78			.74
Unsatisfied with diabetes physician?	.53		.69		.65			.65
Diabetes is taking up too much energy?	.73		.74		.73			.75
Feeling alone with your diabetes?	.73		.79		.81			.83
Feeling that others are not supportive?	.54		.75		.72			.75
Feeling “burned out”?	.76		.67		.66			.69
Eigenvalue before rotation	10.4	10.4	1.3	10.4	1.3	1.2	10.4	1.3	1.2	0.9
% variance before rotation	52.1	52.1	6.7	52.1	6.7	6.2	52.1	6.7	6.2	4.5
Eigenvalue after rotation		9.9	7.0	8.9	6.6	6.8	8.6	6.9	5.9	2.0
Cronbach’s α	.95	.94	.85	.94	.85	.86	.94	.85	.86	.67