Risk Factors Associated with Cognitive Decline after Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review

Table 7

Studies investigating POCD associated with the rate of rewarming during cardiac surgery.

Study	Study; design	Number of; patients	Mean temperature (Celsius)	Time of assessment	Outcome
Mora et al., 1996 [105]	RCT	138	(1) Rewarm 1-2°C (per increase); (2) Rewarm 3–5°C (per increase)	1–3 days, 7–10 days, and 1 month	Improved cognition with slower rewarm
Nathan et al., 2001 [106]	Obsv.	294	(1) Rewarm to 34°C (1°C per increase); (2) Rewarm to 37°C (3°C per increase)	1 week and 3 months	Improved cognition with slower rewarm
Grigore et al., 2002 [107]	Obsv.	100	(1) Rewarm to 32°C (max within 3 mins); (2) Rewarm to 37°C (max within 3 mins)	6 weeks	Improved cognition with slower rewarm
Kawahara et al., 2003 [108]	RCT	100	(1) Rewarm 1-2°C (per increase); (2) Rewarm 4-5°C (per increase)	1 month	Improved cognition with slower rewarm
Nathan et al., 2007 [109]	RCT	223	(1) Rewarm to 34°C (1°C per increase); (2) Rewarm to 37°C (3°C per increase)	1 week	Improved cognition with slower rewarm
Sahu et al., 2009 [110]	RCT	80	(1) Rewarm 1–3°C (per increase); (2) Rewarm 3–5°C (per increase)	5 days	Improved cognition with slower rewarm

Obsv.: observational.