| | Matrix | Analyte | Extraction method | Detector system | Sensitivity | References |
| | Mass detector | | Urine | FLX, VLF, SER, and CIT | SPE | EI-MS | LOD, 2, 0.02, 1.25, and 10 g/mL for FLX, VLF, SER, and CIT | [16] | | Plasma | CIT, DCIT, DDCIT, FLX, and NFLX | SPE | MS | LOD = 0.7 to 33.6 g/mL | [55] | | Plasma | CIT, DCIT, DDCIT, SER, DSER, and PAR | LLE | MS | LOQ = 2 ng/mL for CIT and PAR, 1 ng/mL for SER, 0.5 ng/mL for DSER, DCIT, and DDCIT | [56] | | Urine | FLV, FLX, SER, VLF, and CIT | SPME | MS (ESI mode) | LOD < 0.4 ng/mL | [57] | | Blood | VLF, FLX, FLV, CIT, and SER | LLE | MS (ESI in SIM mode) | LOD = <10, 25, 25, <10, 4 ng/mL, and LOQ = 25, 50, 25, 25, 50, 25, 20 ng/mL for VLF, FLV, LX, CIT, and SER, respectively | [58] | | Oral fluid | SER | SPE | MS in SIM mode. | LOD = 18.6 ng/mL | [60] | | Plasma | VLF, CIT, FLX, FLV, SER, PAR, DFLX, DSER, DCIT, and DDCIT | SPE | Mass (ESI and Chemical Ionisation (PCI*/NCI* source) in SIM mode) | LOQ = 5 to 12.5 ng/mL in ESI and PICI mode and LOQ = 1 to 6.25 ng/mL in NCI mode | [97] | | Plasma | CIT, DCIT, and DDCIT | LLE | MS | LOQ = 1 to 2 ng/mL | [98] |
| | Other detectors | | Serum | CIT and DCIT | LLE | NPD | LOQ = 10–20 mg/L | [63] | | Blood | CIT | SPE | NPD | LOQ = 70 ng/mL | [99] | | Urine | CIT, FLX, FLV, SER, and PAR | SPE | FID | LOQ = 91.7, 64.9, 100.3, and 61.4 and 95.1 g/L for CIT, FLX, FLV, SER, and PAR, respectively | [100] | | Plasma | CIT, PAR, DLX, FLX, and SER | In-tube SPME | UV | LOQ = 50 to 500 ng/mL | [101] |
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