Workup and Management of Persistent Neuralgia following Nerve Block

Table 2

Possible mechanisms for perioperative nerve injury [12].

Risk factors	Patient	Anesthetic	Surgical
Preoperative	(i) Preexisting neuropathies; (ii) Old age; (iii) Chemotherapy; (iv) Vascular disease; (v) Diabetes mellitus; (vi) Multiple sclerosis; (vii) Inflammatory or autoimmune disorders
Intraoperative		(i) Needle trauma; (ii) Local anesthetic toxicity; (iii) Toxicity related to injectate/adjuvants; (iv) Hypotension; (v) Improper limb positioning (pressure trauma, nerve stretching)	(i) Tourniquet pressure; (ii) Direct trauma during surgery (transection, stretch, compression)