|
| Organ system | Effect | |
|
| Musculoskeletal | (i) Myopathy, atrophy, myalgias
(ii) Myotonia: triggers include stress and cold as well as specific medications | (i) DM1: tends to affect facial muscles e.g. distal muscles
(ii) DM2: tends to affect proximal muscles e.g. hip flexors |
|
| Nervous System | (i) Cognitive impairment
(ii) Mental retardation more common in DM1 | (i) Axonal sensorimotor polyneuropathy
(ii) Sensorineural hearing loss |
|
| Eye | (i) Cataracts
(ii) Proptosis | |
|
| Cardiac | (i) Arrhythmias
(a) AV block, bundle branch block most common
(b) Atrial flutter and fibrillation | (i) Cardiomyopathy: Hypertrophy, dilation, systolic dysfunction |
|
| Pulmonary | (i) OSA
(ii) Hypersomnia/excessive daytime somnolence
(iii) Increased risk of aspiration pneumonia | (i) Respiratory muscle weakness
(ii) Increased sensitivity to respiratory depressants |
|
| Gastrointestinal | (i) Dysphagia
(ii) GERD
(iii) IBS-like symptoms | (i) Gallstones |
|
| Endocrine | (i) Primary Hypogonadism
(ii) Diabetes, Insulin resistance
(iii) Hyperthyroidism | (i) Hyperparathyroidism
(ii) Hyperhidrosis
(iii) Male pattern baldness |
|
| Reproductive | (i) Low sperm count secondary to hypogonadism | (i) Higher risk of miscarriage, preterm labor |
|
| Cancer | (i) Increased risk for cancers of endometrium, brain, ovary, colon, and skin | |
|
