Mapping and Surgical Ablation of Focal Epicardial Left Ventricular Tachycardia

Figure 2

Fluoroscopic image showing the ablation catheters at the site of earliest activation endocardially and epicardially. The tip of the ablation catheters was located at the apicolateral side of the left ventricle. Ablation endocardially resulted in temporary elimination of the ectopy. Epicardially RF energy delivery was associated with phrenic nerve stimulation.