Case Report

An Endocrine Jaw Lesion: Dentist Perspective in Diagnosis

Table 1

Differential diagnosis of giant cell lesions.

S. numberName of the lesionClinical featuresRadiographic featuresHistological featuresBiochemical analysis
PTHCaP

(1)Primary hyperparathyroidism (present case)Older aged women are commonly affected by predilection for mandibleUnilocular or multilocular radiolucencyNumerous multinucleated giant cells, areas of hemosiderin, and osteoid are seen
(2)Central giant cell granulomaCommon in younger individuals and occur in the anterior region of the jawUnilocular or multilocular radiolucencyProminent but not numerous multinucleated giant cells, groups of collagen fibers, numerous foci of extravasated blood, and hemosiderin
(3)Giant cell tumor or osteoclastomaCommon in third decade of lifeUnilocular or multilocular radiolucencyGiant cells are scattered uniformly; areas of necrosis are seen
(4)Aneurysmal bone cystYounger individualsMultilocular with honeycomb or soap bubble appearanceCavernous or sinusoidal blood filled spaces, multinucleated giant cells, hemosiderin pigment, and new osteoid formation are seen
(5)Noonan-like multiple giant cell lesion syndromeAutosomal dominant multiple congenital anomaly disorder, characterised by short stature, craniofacial dysmorphisms, and congenital heart defects (CHD)Multilocular radiolucencyNumerous multinucleated giant cells, spindle shaped fibroblasts, and perivascular cuffing are seen
(6)CherubismPainless, symmetric jaw lesions involving common maxillaMultilocular radiolucencies with ground glass appearanceNumerous multinucleated giant cells, spindle shaped fibroblasts, and perivascular cuffing are seen