Case Report

Maxillofacial Changes in Melnick-Needles Syndrome

Table 2

Chart of the main syndromes and characteristics that should be considered in differential diagnosis with Melnick-Needles Syndrome.

Syndromes with similar characteristicsSimilarities between MNS and other syndromesDifferences between MNS and other syndromes

Pierre Robin Sequence(i) Craniofacial anomalies
(ii) Micrognathia
(i) Glossoptosis
(ii) Hypoplasia of the mandible
(iii) Cleft palate

Treacher Collins Syndrome(i) Craniofacial anomalies
(ii) Micrognathia
(i) Antimongoloid inclination of eyelid fissures
(ii) Coloboma of the lower eyelid
(iii) Zygomatic, maxillary, and mandibular hypoplasia
(iv) Complete or partial absence of eyelashes on lower eyelids
(v) Malformations of the outer ears
(vi) Hair follicles between ear and angle of the mouth
(vii) Cleft palate (in some cases)

Frank-Ter Haar Syndrome(i) Multiple skeletal anomalies
(ii) Prominent brow
(iii) Micrognathia
(iv) Prominent eyes
(i) Autosomal recessive
(ii) Heart malformations
(iii) Prominent coccyx
(iv) Delayed development
(v) Congenital glaucoma may be associated
(vi) Hypertelorism

Shprintzen-Goldberg Syndrome(i) Exophthalmia
(ii) Prominent brow
(iii) Narrow palate
(iv) Scoliosis
(i) Craniosynostosis (premature closure of cranial sutures)
(ii) Extremely rare
(iii) Dolichocephaly
(iv) Hypertelorism
(v) Mandibular hypoplasia
(vi) Oblique eyes, low position of ears
(vii) Long, thin fingers

Crouzon Syndrome(i) Exophthalmia(i) Craniosynostosis
(ii) Craniofacial anomalies: hypertelorism, strabismus, “parrot-beak” nose, short lower lip, hypoplasia of maxilla, and mandibular prognathism