|
| Generic name | INCI name | Properties |
|
| Gotu kola | Centella asiatica | Activates hair-inductive capacity in three-dimensional spheroid cultured dermal papilla cells [33] |
| Aloe barbadensis extract | Aloe barbadensis extract | Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties [34] |
| Red (Asian) ginseng extract | Panax root ginseng extract | May reduce hair loss despite the presence of DKK-1, a strong catagen inducer via apoptosis [35] |
| Polygonum fo-ti extract | Polygonum multiflorum root extract | Increases the proliferation of dermal papillary cells [36] |
| Cysteine/N-acetyl-cysteine | Cysteine/N-acetyl cysteine | Androgen-inducible TGF-β1 promotes androgenetic alopecia; however, it is significantly suppressed by the ROS scavenger, N-acetyl cysteine [37] |
| Turmeric | Curcuma longa | Scavenger of reactive oxygen species, anti-inflammatory agent, and immunomodulator [38, 39]; anti-androgen [40] inhibits androgenic induction of TGF-β, which induces catagen and inhibits hair growth and perifollicular fibrosis [41–43] |
| Horsetail extract | Equisetum arvense extract | 5α-reductase inhibitor [44] |
| Fenugreek oil | Trigonella foenum-graecum oil | Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal, and antibacterial properties [45] |
| Tall oil fatty acids | Tall oil fatty acid | β-Sitosterol component may be an effective 5-alpha reductase inhibitor [46] |
| Green tea extract with 95% EGCG | Camellia sinensis leaf extract | Phytoconstituent epigallocatechin 3-gallate is a 5-α reductase inhibitor [47] |
| Saw palmetto | Serenoa serrulata | Inhibits both isoforms of 5-α reductase, preventing conversion of testosterone to its active form, DHT, and also promotes hair follicle vascularization [48, 49] |
| Eclipta alba oil | Eclipta alba (bhringraj oil) | Stimulates follicular keratinocyte proliferation and delays terminal differentiation by downregulating TGF-β1 expression [50] |
| Vitamin D3 | Vitamin D3 | Animal studies show that vitamin D3 analogs stimulate hair regrowth [51] |
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