Severe Symptomatic Hypocalcemia from HIV Related Hypoparathyroidism
Table 2
Pathogenesis and differential diagnosis of hypocalcemia.
Hypocalcemia associated with
Disorders
Low PTH
Abnormal PTH synthesis; Abnormal parathyroid gland development; Post-surgical hypoparathyroidism; Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1; Activating mutations of the calcium-sensing receptor; Infiltration of parathyroid gland; Radiation-induced hypoparathyroidism; HIV infection; Hungry bone syndrome
High PTH
Vitamin D deficiency or resistance; PTH resistance (pseudohypoparathyroidism); Loss of calcium in circulation (tumor lysis syndrome, acute pancreatitis, sepsis, osteoblastic metastases, hyperphosphatemia); Renal disease
Drugs
Inhibitors of bone resorption (bisphosphonates, calcitonin, denosumab); Cinacalcet; Calcium chelators (EDTA, citrate, phosphate); Foscarnet; Phenytoin; Fluoride poisoning
