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Literature review of insulinomas in elderly patients (above 75 years of age) |
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Name of study | Year | Age of presentation | Male vs. fatale | History of multiple endocrine neoplasia | Initial glucose level (mg/dL) | Glucose level within 72-hour fast trial | Imaging modality for diagnosis | Tumor size and location | Metastasis | Surgical management | Medical management |
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An elderly patient with an insulinoma who had prolonged dementia-like symptoms [12] | 1998 | 77 | Female | — | 34 mg/dL | — | Abdominal ultrasound; mass not seen on CT or MRI; tumor localized via abdominal arteriography | 1 cm tumor localized at the pancreatic tail | — | Pancreatectomy | — |
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Malignant insulinoma: spectrum of unusual clinical features [13] | 2005 | 82 | Female | No | 26 mg/dL | — | Abdominal MRI | 8.0 cm tumor localized at the dome of the liver | Yes | Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation | — |
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Successful treatment of insulinoma by a single daily dose of octreotide in two elderly female patients [14] | 2006 | 76 | Female | No | — | 39 mg/dL after 6 hours | Abdominal angiography | 1.5 cm tumor localized at the dome of the liver | No | Refused surgical management | Octreotide 50 μg subcutaneous once daily |
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Successful treatment of insulinoma by a single daily dose of octreotide in two elderly female patients [14] | 2006 | 85 | Female | No | 61 mg/dL | 37 mg/dL | Abdominal CT | 1.5 cm tumor localized at the pancreatic uncus | No | Unsuitable for surgery due to obesity | Initial management was octreotide 100 μg subcutaneous once daily and subsequently reduced to octreotide 50 μg subcutaneous once daily |
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Pancreatic insulinoma coexisting with gastric GIST in the absence of neurofibromatosis 1 [15] | 2009 | 76 | Female | No | — | — | Abdominal CT | 1.3 cm localized at the pancreatic tail | No | Pancreatectomy | Initial management with diazoxide |
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Insulinoma in the elderly: a report of 3 cases and review literature [11] | 2014 | 82 | Female | Yes | — | — | Abdominal MRI | Unknown size; location initially pancreas with metastasis to liver | Yes | Pancreatectomy w/partial hepatectomy (1993); radiofrequency (2004 and 2006); selective angiographic embolization (2010) | Metastasis in 2011: initial management with subcutaneous injection of octreotide 0.1 mg twice a day and switched to long-acting lanreotide 120 mg every four weeks upon discharge; further progression of metastasis in 2012; lanreotide was switched to diazoxide 100 mg three times a day w/symptomatic improvement |
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Insulinoma in the elderly: a report of 3 cases and review literature [11] | 2014 | 84 | Male | No | — | — | Abdominal MRI | 1 cm tumor localized at pancreatic tail that progressed to 2.2 cm in size | No | Refused surgery (2006); received unsuccessful selective embolization (2012) | Octreotide 0.2 mg three times a day |
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Insulinoma in the elderly: a report of 3 cases and review literature [11] | 2014 | 85 | Male | No | — | — | Abdominal MRI | 4 cm tumor localized at the pancreatic head | No | Refused surgical management | Initial management with subcutaneous injection of octreotide 0.1 mg twice a day and switched to long-acting lanreotide 120 mg every four weeks upon discharge |
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Octreotide LAR was useful for avoiding hypoglycemia in an elderly patient with insulinoma [16] | 2017 | 80 | Female | No | — | — | — | — | No | Refused surgical management | Initial management with octreotide 50 mg subcutaneous injection every day; subsequently switched to lanreotide 120 mg every 4 weeks |
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Insulinoma case report and literature review of insulinoma in 86-year-old female with late onset hypoglycemia of unknown origin | 2020 | 86 | Female | No | 38 mg/dL | 32 mg/dL | Abdominal CT | 1.6 cm tumor localized at pancreatic tail | No | Pancreatectomy with enucleation | — |
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