Tissue Hypoperfusion, Hypercoagulopathy, and Kidney and Liver Dysfunction after Ingestion of a Naphazoline-Containing Antiseptic

Table 1

Summary of clinical characteristics of naphazoline intoxication.

Reference	Age	Sex	Estimated naphazoline intake (mg)	Symptoms	Treatment	Time before presentation (h)	Outcome
[1]	1	F	0.2	Bradycardia, miosis hypothermia, conscious disturbance, bradypnea	Close monitor	N/R	Survival
[2]	1	M	N/R	Conscious disturbance, miosis	Close monitor	1	Survival
[2]	2	F	3	Bradypnea, conscious disturbance, miosis	Close monitor	11	Survival
[3]	1	M	4	Hypertension, prolonged awaking from general anesthesia, pulmonary edema	Mechanical ventilation	N/R	Survival
[4]	5	M	100	Bradycardia, conscious disturbance, diaphoresis, hypothermia	Diuretics	1.5	Survival
[5]	7	M	N/R	Bradycardia, conscious disturbance, convulsion, headache, miosis, nausea/vomiting	Close monitor	N/R	Survival
[6]	89	M	70	Bradycardia, bradypnea, conscious disturbance, diaphoresis, hypertension, hypothermia	Mechanical ventilation, doxapram	1	Survival
[7]	24	M	N/R	Conscious disturbance, diaphoresis, nausea/vomiting, premature ventricular beats, headache	Monitoring	0.5	Survival
[7]	29	M	N/R	Bradycardia, cerebral hemorrhage, conscious disturbance, diaphoresis, ectopic ventricular beat, headache, nausea/vomiting	Evacuation of cerebral hemorrhage atropine	3	Survival
[8]	53	M	N/R	Hypertension, pulmonary edema	Mechanical ventilation	4	Survival
[8]	40	M	N/R	Diaphoresis, headache, hypertension, nausea/vomiting, pulmonary edema	O2 via mask, doxapram	1	Survival
[8]	32	M	N/R	Bradycardia, conscious disturbance, diaphoresis, hypertension, pulmonary edema	Nicardipine, mechanical ventilation	2	Survival
[9]	40	M	140	Bradycardia, hypertension, pulmonary edema	Atropine, nicardipine, diuretics, doxapram, O2 via mask	2	Survival
[10]	21	F	150	Bradycardia, kidney dysfunction, liver dysfunction, miosis, pulmonary edema, QT elongation	Renal replacement therapy, mechanical ventilation, siverastat, urinastatin	3	Survival
[11]	23	M	150	Kidney dysfunction, liver dysfunction, nausea/vomiting	Renal replacement therapy, diuretics	30	Survival
Current case	22	F	160	Bradycardia, hypercoagulopathy, kidney dysfunction, liver dysfunction, nausea/vomiting	Renal replacement therapy, Alprostadil	72	Survival

N/R, not recorded.