Actinomyces naeslundii: An Uncommon Cause of Endocarditis

Table 1

Case reports of endocarditis caused by Actinomyces species.

Reference	Age/sex	Organism	Valve	Surgery	Therapy	Outcome
Uhr, 1939 [10]	24 M	Actinomyces bovis	Aortic/Mitral	No	Sulfathiazole	Dead
Beamer et al., 1945 [5]	55 M	Actinomyces sp.	Aortic/Mitral	No	None	Dead
Blevins and Mac Neal, 1946 [23]	UK	Actinomyces septicus	Mitral	No	None	UK
MacNeal et al., 1946 [6]	39 M	Actinomyces sp.	Mitral	No	PCN	Alive
Wedding, 1947 [7]	37 M	Actinomyces sp.	Mitral	No	Sulfathiazole	Dead
Wedding, 1947 [7]	71 F	Actinomyces sp.	Aortic	No	None	Dead
Stokes et al., 1951 [24]	27 F	Actinomyces muris	Mitral	No	Chloramphenicol	Alive
Walters et al., 1962 [11]	43 F	Actinomyces bovis	Aortic/Mitral	No	PCN	Alive
Dutton and Inclan, 1968 [18]	6 M	Actinomyces israelii	Mitral	No	PCN	Dead
Gutschik, 1976 [12]	70 M	Actinomyces viscosus	Mitral	No	PCN	Alive
Lam et al., 1993 [19]	65 M	Actinomyces israelii	Aortic/Mitral	No	PCN	Alive
Moffatt et al., 1996 [16]	48 M	Actinomyces meyeri	Aortic	Yes, AVR	PCN	Alive
Reddy et al., 1997 [25]	64 M	Actinomyces pyogenes	Aortic	No	Multiple	Dead
Hamed, 1998 [13]	81 M	Actinomyces viscosus	Aortic	No	Ceftizoxime	Alive
Huang et al., 1998 [17]	55 M	Actinomyces meyeri	Mitral	No	Ampicillin-sulbactam	Alive
Mardis and Many Jr., 2001 [14]	38 M	Actinomyces viscosus	Mitral	No	Multiple, PCN	Alive
Westling et al., 2002 [26]	40 F	Actinomyces funkei	Tricuspid	No	Multiple	Alive
Oh et al., 2005 [27]	33 M	Actinomyces odontolyticus	Tricuspid	No	Ceftriaxone (CTX)	Alive
Julian et al., 2005 [15]	43 F	Actinomyces viscosus	Aortic	Yes, AVR	Amp, CTX, and vancomycin	Alive
Cohen et al., 2007 [21]	68 M	Actinomyces neuii	Aortic	Yes, AVR	Amp, CTX, and gentamicin	Alive
Oddó and Ayala, 2007 [8]	34 M	Actinomyces sp.	Mitral	No	UK	Dead
Grundmann et al., 2010 [22]	66 M	Actinomyces neuii	Aortic (prosthetic)	No	PCN	Alive
Adalja and Vergis, 2010 [20]	87 M	Actinomyces israelii	Mitral	No	PCN	Alive
Mehrzad et al., 2013 [9]	49 M	Actinomyces sp.	Tricuspid	No	Multiple	Alive
Kottam et al., 2015 [28]	30 F	Actinomyces turicensis	Eustachian	No	Multiple, pen, and CTX	Alive
Present Report	51 F	Actinomyces naeslundii	Aortic (prosthetic)	No	Vanco, CTX, ertapenem, and amoxicillin	Alive

UK: unknown, PCN: penicillin, CTX: ceftriaxone, Amp: ampicillin, Gent: gentamicin, Vanc: vancomycin, Ert: ertapenem, and valve replacement surgery.