Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis with Leptotrichia goodfellowii in a Patient with a Valvular Allograft: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Table 1

Reported cases of Leptotrichia sp. endocarditis.

Reference	Year	Patient age	Sex	Presentation	Predisposing cardiac condition	Valve affected	Definitive identification method	Organism isolated	Antibiotic regimen	Surgical intervention	Outcome
Current case	2015	44	M	Subacute endocarditis	Bioprosthetic pulmonic valve, aortic valve homograft	Pulmonic	16S rRNA sequencing	L. goodfellowii	(1) Vancomycin, ceftriaxone, metronidazole; (2) Piperacillin/tazobactam, metronidazole; (3) Ceftriaxone, metronidazole	No	Recovery
Caram et al.	2008	74	F	Subacute endocarditis	Mitral regurgitation	Mitral	16S rRNA sequencing	L. goodfellowii	Piperacillin/tazobactam	Yes	Mitral valve replacement with complete resolution of symptoms
Caram et al.	2008	52	M	Acute endocarditis	Bioprosthetic aortic valve	Aortic	16S rRNA sequencing	L. goodfellowii	Ceftriaxone, metronidazole	Yes	Recovery
Hammann et al.	1993	65	F	Subacute endocarditis	Prosthetic aortic valve	Aortic	(1) Anaerobic Schaedler agar with 5% sheep blood, Columbia agar in air with 5% CO2 (GasPak CO2 system, BD); (2) Conventional tests for fermentation reactions and gas chromatography	L. buccalis-like	(1) Cefotaxime, metronidazole; (2) Vancomycin, imipenem	Yes	Recovery and surgery, followed by deterioration and death secondary to acute LV failure and anterior MI
Duperval et al.	1984	24	M	Subacute endocarditis	Endocardial cushion defect, coarctation of the aorta, Down Syndrome	Mitral	Gas chromatography after growth on peptone-yeast-glucose agar	L. buccalis	Penicillin G	No	Recovery