Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Manifesting as Lactococcus Endocarditis: A Case Report and Review of the Association of Lactococcus with Underlying Gastrointestinal Disease

Table 1

Review of reported Lactococcus infections in association with underlying gastrointestinal disease.

Reference	Age/sex	Type of infection	Preexisting GI lesion(s)	Predisposing risk factors	Treatment	Outcome
Antolín et al. [14]	79/F	Liver abscess	Diverticulosis	None reported	Imipenem-cilastatin (5 w)	Clinical improvement
Chan et al. [15]	70/M	Infectious spondylodiscitis	Gastritis	Raw fish consumption	Ampicillin (6 w)	Clinical improvement
Fihman et al. [16]	86/F	Prosthetic AV IE	Duodenal ulcer	Prosthetic AV and cholecystectomy	Amoxicillin, gentamicin, (4 w) and then amoxicillin (3 w)	Clinical improvement
Fleming et al. [3]	68/M	Prosthetic AV IE and native MV IE	Colon polyps	Raw fish consumption and prosthetic AV	Vancomycin (6 w)	Clinical improvement
Kim et al. [17]	69/M	Acalculous cholecystitis	Gastric ulcer	Raw fish consumption, working as fisherman, and alcoholism	Cefminox and then cefaclor (8 d)	Clinical improvement
Mofredj et al. [18]	68/F	Liver abscess	Cholangiocarcinoma	Biliary prosthesis and steroid use	Amoxicillin, netilmicin, and metronidazole (12 d until death)	Died from GI hemorrhage
Nadrah et al. [19]	81/M	Bacteremia	Diverticulosis	Prosthetic AV, prosthetic MV, and PPM	Piperacillin-tazobactam, then ampicillin, and gentamicin (6 w)	Clinical improvement
Ortiz et al. [20]	77/F	Native MV/AV IE	Colorectal carcinoma	Recent colorectal carcinoma surgery	Ampicillin and gentamicin (6 w)	Died from heart failure
Rasmussen et al. [5]	81/M	Prosthetic AV IE and native MV IE	Diverticulosis	Prosthetic AV	Penicillin and tobramycin (3 w)	Clinical improvement
Vinh et al. [1]	80/M	Native AV IE	Colon polyp	None reported	Ampicillin (6 w)	Clinical improvement
Wang et al. [21]	72/M	MV IE	Gastric ulcer	Raw fish consumption	Penicillin (4 w) and gentamicin (2 w)	Clinical improvement
Wang et al. [21]	56/F	Bacteremia	Small bowel diverticulosis	None reported	Cefazolin, gentamicin (2 d), and then cotrimoxazole (5 d)	Clinical improvement
Wang et al. [21]	47/M	Peritonitis	Intestinal perforation	Raw fish consumption	Piperacillin and amikacin (1 w)	Clinical improvement
Zuily et al. [22]	64/F	Prosthetic MV IE	Colon polyps	Fish consumption, prosthetic MV, PPM, and cirrhosis	Amoxicillin and gentamicin (6 w)	Clinical improvement

AV = aortic valve, MV = mitral valve, TV = tricuspid valve, IE = infective endocarditis, PPM = permanent pacemaker, w = week, d = day, F = female, and M = male.