Neurosyphilis with Concomitant Cryptococcal and Tuberculous Meningitis in a Patient with AIDS: Report of a Unique Case

Table 2

Differential diagnosis of neurosyphilis.

Manifestations of neurosyphilis	Differential diagnosis
(1) Syphilitic meningitis	Tubercular meningitis
	Fungal meningitis: Cryptococcus neoformans, endemic mycosis
	Lyme disease
	Listeria monocytogenes
(2) Meningovascular syphilis	Ischemic stroke
	Embolic stroke
	Vasculitis
	Herpes zoster
(3) Gummata	Toxoplasmosis
	Cryptococcoma
	Tuberculoma
	Primary and metastatic neoplasms
(4) General paresis	Psychiatric conditions: delirium, dementia, mania, psychosis
	depression, personality changes
	HIV dementia
	Viral encephalitis: HSV, CMV, VZV, HHV-6
(5) Tabes dorsalis	Epidural abscess
	Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord
	HTLV-1
	HIV-associated vascular myelopathy
	CMV myelopathy
	Herpes zoster myelitis; Multiple sclerosis

HIV= human immunodeficiency virus; HSV = herpes simplex virus; CMV = cytomegalovirus; VZV = varicella zoster virus; HHV-6 = human herpes virus 6; HTLV-1 = human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1.