Case Report

Orbital and Pulmonary Actinomycosis: The First Case Report and Literature Review

Table 1

A summary of all case reports of orbital actinomycosis.

NumberReferencesAge/sexCountryPublished yearUnderlying diseasePresentations, duration (week)Infection siteTreatmentOutcome
SurgeryMedication

1[2]42/FEngland1992Right macular scarTotal ophthalmoparesis, 3IC (C)YesMetronidazole and high-dose intramuscular penicillin V with probenecidImprovement after 3 months of follow-up
2[3]45/MIndia2001NoProptosis and ptosis, 2EC (ID)YesCrystalline penicillin for 14 days followed by oral tetracycline for 4 weeksImprovement after 1 month of follow-up
3[4]53/FItaly2006Tolosa–Hunt syndrome on methylprednisolone and carcinomas of the kidney and breastTotal ophthalmoparesis, 1IC (L)YesBenzylpenicillin potassium and benzylpenicillin sodium intravenous for 42 days then amoxicillin oralImprovement after 1 month of follow-up
4[5]32/FEngland1896NoTotal ophthalmoparesis progress to alteration of consciousness, 6EC (ID)YesIodide of potassiumDeath
5[6]54/MThe United States1932NoProgressive right temporal and jaw pain, 12EC (ED)YesNADeath after 4 months of symptom
6[7]20/MIndia2010History of deep scalp laceration for 1 yearRight eyelid and eyebrow swelling and pain, 2EC (ED)YesIV penicillin G for 2 weeks then oral amoxicillin for 6 monthsFull recovery at 4 months of follow-up
7[8]NAIndia2004NAOrbital abscessOrbital abscessNANANA
8[9]43/MItaly2004NoTotal ophthalmoparesis, 1EC (ID)NoIV penicillin G then oral amoxicillinFull recovery at 3 months of follow-up
9[10]71/MSpain1990NoProgressive swelling in the subcutaneous tissue overlying the right maxilla, 4Infraorbital nerve massYesNAImprovement
10Our case58/MThai2017NoTotal ophthalmoparesis and productive cough, 8IC (C)YesPenicillin IV for 6 weeks followed by amoxicillin oral 12 monthsImprovement on 12 months of follow-up

M: male, F: female, EC: extraconal, IC: intraconal, ED: extradural, ID: intradural, C: central, L: lateral, and IV: intravenous.