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Reference
age, sex | HIV parameters | Clinical presentation | Image findings | CSF parameters | Diagnosis | Other organs involved | Proposed
treatment | Outcome |
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Current study
52, male | CD4: 94 cells/mm3
HIV VL: 479,365/copies mL | Fever, confusion, and weakness of the lower extremities | CT: hypodensity in the white matter on the upper convexity of the right frontal lobe
MRI: hyperintensity in T2 on the upper and lower right frontal gyri, on the left occipital lobe, and lesions with ring enhancement in the deep upper left temporal sulcus | Opening pressure: 12.5 cm H2O
Leuc: 3
Prot: 28
Gluc: 39
Bacterial, M. tuberculosis cultures, cryptococcal antigen, and JC PCR testing: negative | PCR testing positive for BKV in CSF | None | HAART | Death |
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Current study
45, female | CD4: 23 cells/mm3
HIV VL: 167,580/copies/mL | Fever, headache, epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, and asthenia | CT: ring enhanced lesion without signs of activity
MRI: a residual nodular lesion with ring enhancement | Leuc: 8
Prot: 133
Gluc: 40
Bacterial and M. tuberculosis cultures, Cryptococcus antigen, JC, and M.tuberculosis PCR testing: negative | PCR testing positive for BKV in CSF | Positive PCR for BKV in urine sample; kidney biopsy was not performed | HAART | Alive |
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Jørgensen et al.
29, male | | Deafness and dizziness,
renal dysfunction, and progressive retinitis | NA | NA | Positive PCR and IHC BKV from CSF and brain tissue, respectively | PCR and histochemical staining for BKV of PM samples from eye tissue, kidneys, and PBMCs | NA | Death |
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Lesprit et al.
44, male | CD4: 65 cells/mm3
Other diseases:
large cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma | Hemorrhagic cystitis + progressive paraplegia | MRI: diffuse areas of increased signal intensity of the periventricular white matter | Negative for JC on PM biopsy | PCR testing positive for BKV from CSF and brain tissue | Positive PCR BKV from urine, blood, and bone marrow samples
PM: positive PCR for BKV in the kidney, bladder, mesenteric node, and stomach
tissue samples | NA | Death |
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Bratt et al.
26, male | NA | Dizziness and neurogenic deafness; progressive atypical bilateral
peripheral retinitis 6 months after the onset of neurological symptoms | MRI: increased meningeal contrast enhancement and increased meningeal thickness | Leuc: 8 (2% neutrophils;
6% mononuclear) | PM biopsy of brain tissue | Immunohistochemical staining for BKV in PM biopsy of kidney | NA | Death |
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Vallbracht et al.
27, male | AIDS
status was scored as C2 (CDC classification) | Headache; vomiting; disturbances of coordinative and
mnemonic functions | CT: marked internal hydrocephalus
with periventricular lucencies | Normal opening intracranial pressure
Leuc: 15
Gluc: 58
Prot: 70 | Positive BKV Southern blot in CSF | Positive PCR BKV in PM examination of kidneys, lungs, and central
nervous system | NA | Death |
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Vidal et al.
43, male | CD4: 37 cells/mm3
Other diseases: cryptococcal
meningitis; tuberculous meningitis | Headache, mental confusion, and dysarthria
and ataxia | MRI: lesions in the gray matter of the left temporoparietal
lobe and right occipital lobe; slight enhancement of the meninges | Leuc: 12 (79% lymphocytes, 10% monocytes)
Prot: 146
Gluc: 46 | PCR testing positive for BKV in CSF
stereotactic biopsy of the brain: PCR positive for BKV | No | HAART | Alive |
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Hedquist et al.
29, male | NA | Several circular lesions in the retina; diminished visual acuity and deafness | NA | NA | PCR testing positive for BKV in the CSF | PCR for BKV and CMV in PM retina, choroid, vitreous, ciliary body, and sclera samples | NA | Death |
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Kinnaird and Anstead
48, male | NA | Ataxia, cognitive deficit, and dysarthria | MRI multifocal and infratentorial foci of hyperintensity | NA | NA | PCR positive for BKV; IHC antibodies positive for simian 40 in the urine | HAART | Alive |
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Garavelli and Boldorini
37, male | NA | Fever, headache, and altered mental status | NA | NA | PCR testing positive for BKV in the CSF | None | HAART | Alive |
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Bárcena-Panero et al.
(case series of 13 patients)
26–56 years, male and female | HIV | Signs and symptoms related encephalopathy, meningitis | NA | NA | PCR testing positive for BKV in the CSF | None | NA | NA |
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